Ƙarshen Jagora ga Fiber Optic Cables: Basira, Dabaru, Ayyuka & Nasihu

Fiber optic igiyoyi suna samar da kayan aikin jiki wanda ke ba da damar watsa bayanai mai sauri don sadarwa, hanyar sadarwa, da haɗin kai tsakanin aikace-aikace. Ci gaba a cikin fasahar fiber ya haɓaka ƙarfin bandwidth da damar nesa yayin rage girman da farashi, yana ba da damar aiwatar da fa'ida daga tashar telecom mai tsayi zuwa cibiyoyin bayanai da cibiyoyin sadarwar birni masu wayo.

 

Wannan hanya mai zurfi tana bayanin igiyoyin fiber optic daga ciki zuwa waje. Za mu bincika yadda fiber na gani ke aiki don isar da siginar bayanai ta amfani da haske, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun maɓalli don singlemode da fibers multimode, da shahararrun nau'ikan kebul dangane da ƙididdigar fiber, diamita, da amfani da aka yi niyya. Tare da buƙatar bandwidth na girma da ƙarfi, zabar kebul na fiber optic da ya dace dangane da buƙatun hanyar sadarwa don nisa, ƙimar bayanai, da dorewa shine mabuɗin haɗin haɗin da aka tabbatar a gaba.

 

Don fahimtar igiyoyin fiber optic, dole ne mu fara da igiyoyin fiber na gani - filaye masu bakin ciki na gilashi ko filastik waɗanda ke jagorantar siginar haske ta hanyar jujjuyawar tunani na ciki. Mahimmanci, cladding, da shafi wanda ya ƙunshi kowane nau'in fiber yana ƙayyade yanayin bandwidth da aikace-aikacen sa. Ana haɗa nau'ikan fiber da yawa cikin bututu maras kyau, matsatsin buffer, ko igiyoyi masu rarraba don daidaita hanyoyin haɗin fiber tsakanin wuraren ƙarshe. Abubuwan haɗin haɗin kai kamar masu haɗawa, bangarori, da hardware suna ba da musaya ga kayan aiki da hanyoyin sake saita hanyoyin sadarwar fiber kamar yadda ake buƙata.  

 

Daidaitaccen shigarwa da ƙarewar igiyoyin fiber optic yana buƙatar daidaito da fasaha don rage hasara da tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa sigina. Za mu rufe hanyoyin gamawa gama gari don singlemode da fibers multimode ta amfani da shahararrun masu haɗa nau'ikan kamar LC, SC, ST, da MPO. Tare da wayar da kan mafi kyawun ayyuka, sababbin masu aiki za su iya ƙira da amincewa da ƙaddamar da hanyoyin sadarwar fiber don babban aiki da haɓaka.

 

Don ƙarshe, mun tattauna la'akari don tsara hanyoyin sadarwar fiber optic da hanyoyin da za su iya tasowa don tallafawa buƙatun bandwidth na gaba. Jagoranci daga masana masana'antu yana ba da ƙarin haske game da halin yanzu da abubuwan da ke tasowa waɗanda ke tasiri ci gaban fiber a cikin sadarwa, cibiyar bayanai da kayan more rayuwa na birni.    

Tambayoyin (FAQ)

Q1: Menene kebul na fiber optic?

 

A1: Fiber optic igiyoyi sun ƙunshi filaye ɗaya ko fiye, waɗanda siraran gilashi ne ko filastik waɗanda ke iya watsa bayanai ta amfani da siginar haske. Ana amfani da waɗannan igiyoyi don sadarwa mai sauri da kuma nesa, suna ba da saurin canja wurin bayanai idan aka kwatanta da igiyoyin jan ƙarfe na gargajiya.

 

Q2: Ta yaya kebul na fiber optic ke aiki?

 

A2: Fiber optic igiyoyi suna watsa bayanai ta amfani da fitilun haske ta hanyar siraran siraran gilashin tsaftataccen gani ko filayen filastik. Waɗannan zaruruwa suna ɗaukar siginar haske a kan nesa mai nisa tare da ƙarancin asarar sigina, samar da ingantaccen sadarwa mai sauri da aminci.

 

Q3: Yaya ake shigar da igiyoyin fiber optic?

 

A3: Ana iya shigar da igiyoyin fiber optic ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar ja ko tura igiyoyin ta hanyar magudanar ruwa ko bututu, shigar da iska ta hanyar amfani da sandunan amfani ko hasumiya, ko binne kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Hanyar shigarwa ya dogara da dalilai kamar yanayi, nisa, da takamaiman bukatun aikin. Shigar da kebul na fiber optic yana buƙatar ƙwarewa da kayan aiki na musamman, amma ba lallai ba ne mai wahala. Ingantacciyar horarwa da sanin dabarun shigarwa, irin su splicing fiber ko ƙarewar haɗawa, suna da mahimmanci. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ko ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun don shigarwa don tabbatar da kulawa mai kyau da ingantaccen aiki.

 

Q4: Menene tsawon rayuwar igiyoyin fiber optic?

 

A4: Fiber optic igiyoyi suna da tsawon rayuwa, yawanci daga shekaru 20 zuwa 30 ko ma fiye. An san su da tsayin daka da juriya ga lalacewa a kan lokaci.

 

Q5: Yaya nisan kebul na fiber optic zai iya watsa bayanai?

 

A5: Nisan watsa igiyoyin fiber optic ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban, kamar nau'in fiber, adadin bayanai, da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa da ake amfani da su. Zaɓuɓɓukan yanayi guda ɗaya na iya watsa bayanai cikin nisa mai tsayi, yawanci jere daga ƴan kilomita zuwa ɗaruruwan kilomita, yayin da filayen multimode sun dace da gajeriyar tazara, yawanci a tsakanin ƴan mitoci kaɗan.

 

Q6: Za a iya raba igiyoyi na fiber optic ko a haɗa su?

 

A6: Ee, igiyoyin fiber optic za a iya raba su ko haɗa su. Fusion splicing da na inji splicing ana amfani da dabaru da yawa don haɗa biyu ko fiye fiber optic igiyoyi tare. Splicing yana ba da damar faɗaɗa cibiyoyin sadarwa, haɗa igiyoyi, ko gyara sassan da suka lalace.

 

Q7: Za a iya amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic don duka murya da watsa bayanai?

 

A7: Ee, igiyoyin fiber optic na iya ɗaukar siginar murya da bayanai biyu a lokaci guda. Ana amfani da su don haɗin Intanet mai sauri, watsa bidiyo, hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa, da aikace-aikacen murya-over-IP (VoIP).

 

Q8: Menene fa'idodin igiyoyin fiber optic akan igiyoyin jan ƙarfe?

 

A8: Fiber optic igiyoyi suna ba da fa'idodi da yawa akan igiyoyin jan ƙarfe na gargajiya, gami da:

 

• Babban bandwidth: Fiber optics na iya isar da ƙarin bayanai akan dogon nesa idan aka kwatanta da igiyoyin jan ƙarfe.
• Kariya ga tsangwama na lantarki: Fiber optic igiyoyi ba su shafar filayen lantarki, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa bayanai.
• Ingantaccen tsaro: Fiber optics yana da wahalar shiga ciki, yana sa su zama mafi aminci don watsa bayanai masu mahimmanci.
• Sauƙaƙa da sirara: Fiber optic igiyoyi sun fi sauƙi kuma sun fi ƙanƙanta, suna sauƙaƙan shigarwa da rike su.

 

Q9: Shin duk igiyoyin fiber optic iri ɗaya ne?

 

A9: A'a, na fiber dillsic igiyoyi zo a cikin nau'ikan da sa-kai don saduwa da buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban. Manyan nau'ikan guda biyu sune yanayin-yanayi da multifiode na multipode. Kebul na yanayi guda ɗaya suna da ƙaramin tushe kuma suna iya watsa bayanai akan nisa masu tsayi, yayin da igiyoyin multimode suna da babban cibiya kuma suna goyan bayan gajeriyar tazara. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙirar kebul daban-daban don saduwa da takamaiman buƙatu, kamar sako-sako da bututu, matsatsi, ko igiyoyin ribbon.

 

Q10: Shin igiyoyin fiber optic lafiya don rikewa?

 

A10: Fiber optic igiyoyi gabaɗaya suna da aminci don ɗauka. Ba kamar igiyoyin jan ƙarfe ba, igiyoyin fiber optic ba sa ɗaukar wutar lantarki, yana kawar da haɗarin girgiza wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan don hana raunin ido daga tushen hasken laser da ake amfani da shi don gwaji ko kulawa. Ana ba da shawarar sanya kayan kariya masu dacewa (PPE) da kuma bin ƙa'idodin aminci lokacin aiki tare da igiyoyin fiber optic.

 

Q11: Shin za a iya haɓaka tsoffin kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa zuwa igiyoyin fiber optic?

 

A11: Ee, ana iya haɓaka ababen more rayuwa na cibiyar sadarwa zuwa igiyoyin fiber optic. Wannan na iya haɗawa da maye ko sake gyara tsarin tushen tagulla tare da kayan aikin fiber optic. Canji zuwa na'urorin fiber optic yana samar da ingantaccen aiki da ƙarfin tabbatarwa na gaba, tabbatar da ikon biyan buƙatun haɓaka buƙatun tsarin sadarwa na zamani.

 

Q12: Shin igiyoyin fiber optic suna da kariya ga abubuwan muhalli?

 

A12: An ƙera igiyoyin fiber optic don zama masu juriya ga abubuwan muhalli iri-iri. Za su iya jure yanayin yanayin zafi, danshi, har ma da bayyanar da sinadarai. Koyaya, matsanancin yanayin muhalli kamar lankwasa da yawa ko murkushewa na iya shafar aikin igiyoyin.

Kalmomin Fiber Optic Networking

• Ƙaƙaitawa - Rage ƙarfin sigina tare da tsawon fiber na gani. An auna a decibels a kowace kilomita (dB/km). 
• bandwidth - Matsakaicin adadin bayanan da za a iya watsa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa a cikin ƙayyadadden adadin lokaci. Ana auna bandwidth a megabits ko gigabits a sakan daya.
• Sanyawa - Layer na waje da ke kewaye da ainihin fiber na gani. Yana da ginshiƙi mafi ƙasƙanci fiye da ainihin, yana haifar da jimlar hasken ciki na cikin ainihin.
• haši - Na'urar ƙarewa ta injina da ake amfani da ita don haɗa igiyoyin fiber optic don facin bangarori, kayan aiki ko wasu igiyoyi. Misalai sune masu haɗin LC, SC, ST da FC. 
• core - Cibiyar fiber na gani ta hanyar da haske ke yaduwa ta hanyar jimlar tunani na ciki. An yi shi da gilashi ko filastik kuma yana da fihirisar refractive fiye da abin rufewa.
• dB (decibel) - Raka'a na ma'auni mai wakiltar rabon logarithmic na matakan sigina biyu. Ana amfani dashi don bayyana asarar wutar lantarki (attenuation) a cikin hanyoyin haɗin fiber optic. 
• Ethernet - Fasahar sadarwar yanar gizo don cibiyoyin sadarwa na gida (LANs) masu amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic kuma suna gudana akan igiyoyi masu murɗa biyu ko coaxial. Ma'auni sun haɗa da 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX da 10GBASE-SR. 
• Jumper - Wani ɗan gajeren kebul na faci da ake amfani da shi don haɗa abubuwan haɗin fiber optic ko yin haɗin giciye a cikin tsarin cabling. Hakanan ana kiranta igiyar faci. 
• Loss - Rage ikon siginar gani yayin watsawa ta hanyar haɗin fiber optic. Aunawa a cikin decibels (dB) tare da mafi yawan ƙa'idodin hanyar sadarwa na fiber waɗanda ke ƙayyadad da matsakaicin ƙimar asarar da za a iya jurewa.
• Bandwidth na Modal - Maɗaukakin mita wanda nau'ikan haske masu yawa zasu iya yaduwa yadda ya kamata a cikin fiber na yanayi mai yawa. An auna a megahertz (MHz) a kowace kilomita. 
• Buɗe Lambobi - Ma'auni na kusurwar karɓar haske na fiber na gani. Fibers tare da mafi girma NA na iya karɓar shigowar haske a kusurwoyi masu faɗi, amma yawanci suna da ƙima. 
• Shafin Farko - Ma'auni na yadda saurin haske ke yaduwa ta hanyar abu. Mafi girman ma'aunin refractive, a hankali hasken yana motsawa ta cikin kayan. Bambance-bambance a cikin fihirisar ratsawa tsakanin cibiya da cladding yana ba da damar jimillar tunani na ciki.
• Fiber-Yanayin Yanayi - Fiber na gani tare da ƙaramin diamita na tsakiya wanda ke ba da damar yanayin haske ɗaya kawai don yaduwa. Ana amfani da shi don watsa bandwidth mai tsayi mai nisa saboda ƙarancin asararsa. Girman ainihin asali na 8-10 microns. 
• Splice - Haɗin kai na dindindin tsakanin filayen gani guda biyu ko igiyoyin fiber optic guda biyu. Yana buƙatar na'ura mai sassaka don haɗa ainihin gilashin gilashi don ci gaba da watsawa tare da ƙarancin asara.

 

Karanta Har ila yau: Kalmomin Fiber Optic Cable 101: Cikakken Jerin & Bayyana

Menene Fiber Optic Cables? 

Fiber optic igiyoyi dogaye ne, siraran siraran gilashin ultra-pure wanda watsa bayanai na dijital a kan dogon nesa. An yi su da gilashin silica kuma sun ƙunshi filaye masu ɗaukar haske waɗanda aka tsara a cikin daure ko daure. Waɗannan zaruruwan suna watsa siginar haske ta cikin gilashin daga tushe zuwa makoma. Hasken da ke cikin tsakiyar fiber yana tafiya ta hanyar fiber ta hanyar yin la'akari da kullun da ke tsakanin tsakiya da cladding.

 

Akwai manyan nau'ikan igiyoyin fiber optic guda biyu: yanayin guda ɗaya da Multi-mode. Zaɓuɓɓuka guda ɗaya suna da kunkuntar cibiya wanda ke ba da damar watsa yanayin haske guda ɗaya, yayin da Multi-yanayin zaruruwa suna da babban tushe mai faɗi wanda ke ba da damar watsa nau'ikan haske da yawa a lokaci guda. Ana amfani da filaye masu nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in igiya)tsari). Nau'in nau'ikan zaruruwa duka an yi su ne da gilashin siliki mai tsafta, amma zaruruwan yanayi guda ɗaya suna buƙatar juriya don samarwa.

 

Ga rarrabuwa:

 

Singlemode fiber optic na USB iri

 

• OS1/OS2: An ƙera shi don manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na bandwidth akan nesa mai nisa. Girman ainihin ainihin 8.3 microns. An yi amfani da shi don mai ba da sabis na sadarwa, hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da cibiyar bayanai.
• Gel mai sako-sako da bututu: Filayen zaruruwa 250um da yawa waɗanda ke ƙunshe a cikin bututu maras kyau masu launi a cikin jaket na waje. Ana amfani da shi don shigarwa na shuka a waje.
• Matsakaici: 250um zaruruwa tare da kariya mai kariya a ƙarƙashin jaket. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don tsire-tsire na waje a cikin layin iska, magudanar ruwa, da ducts.

 

Nau'in kebul na fiber optic multimode: 

 

• OM1/OM2: Don ɗan gajeren nisa, ƙananan bandwidth. Babban girman 62.5 microns. Galibi don cibiyoyin sadarwa na gado.
• OM3: Don 10Gb Ethernet har zuwa 300m. Babban girman 50 microns. Ana amfani dashi a cibiyoyin bayanai da ginin kashin baya.  
• OM4: Babban bandwidth fiye da OM3 don 100G Ethernet da 400G Ethernet har zuwa 150m. Hakanan 50 micron core. 
• OM5: Sabon ma'auni don mafi girman bandwidth (har zuwa 100G Ethernet) akan mafi guntun nisa (aƙalla 100m). Don aikace-aikace masu tasowa kamar 50G PON a cikin 5G mara waya da hanyoyin sadarwa na birni. 
• Kebul na rarrabawa: Ya ƙunshi 6 ko 12 250um zaruruwa don haɗi tsakanin dakunan wayar / benaye a cikin gini.  

 

Haɗaɗɗen igiyoyi masu ƙunshe da nau'i-nau'i guda biyu da filayen multimode suma ana amfani da su don hanyoyin haɗin ginin kashin baya inda dole ne a goyan bayan hanyoyin biyu.      

 

Karanta Har ila yau: Kashe Fuska: Multimode Fiber Optic Cable vs Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable

 

Fiber optic igiyoyi gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi zaruruwan ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗai da yawa waɗanda aka haɗa su don ƙarfi da kariya. A cikin kebul ɗin, kowane fiber yana rufe shi a cikin murfin filastik mai kariyar kansa kuma yana ƙara kariya daga lalacewa ta waje da haske tare da ƙarin kariya da kariya tsakanin fibers da kuma waje da kebul ɗin gabaɗaya. Wasu igiyoyi kuma sun haɗa da toshe ruwa ko abubuwan da ba su da ruwa don hana lalacewar ruwa. Shigarwa mai kyau kuma yana buƙatar tsagawa a hankali da ƙare zaruruwan don rage asarar sigina na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo.

 

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun igiyoyin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe, igiyoyin fiber optic suna ba da fa'idodi da yawa don watsa bayanai. Suna da yawan bandwidth mafi girma, yana ba su damar ɗaukar ƙarin bayanai. Sun fi sauƙi a nauyi, mafi ɗorewa, kuma suna iya watsa sigina a kan nesa mai tsayi. Suna da kariya daga tsangwama na lantarki kuma basa gudanar da wutar lantarki. Wannan kuma yana sa su zama mafi aminci tunda ba sa fitar da tartsatsin wuta kuma ba za a iya taɓa su ko a kula da su cikin sauƙi kamar igiyoyin jan ƙarfe. Gabaɗaya, igiyoyin fiber optic sun ba da damar haɓaka haɓakar saurin haɗin Intanet da aminci.

Nau'in Nau'in Fiber Optic Cables

Ana amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic don isar da bayanai da siginar sadarwa a cikin sauri mai nisa. Akwai nau'ikan igiyoyin fiber optic da yawa, kowanne an tsara shi don takamaiman aikace-aikace. A cikin wannan ɓangaren, zamu tattauna nau'ikan guda uku: USB kebul na USERSCIC Cable, Clean Fiber Flexic na USB.

1. Cable Fiber Na gani na iska

Fiber optic igiyoyi na iska an ƙera su don girka sama da ƙasa, yawanci akan sandunan amfani ko hasumiya. Ana kiyaye su da babban kumfa na waje wanda ke ba da kariya ga madaidaicin igiyoyin fiber daga abubuwan muhalli kamar yanayin yanayi, UV radiation, da tsoma bakin namun daji. Ana yawan amfani da igiyoyin iska a yankunan karkara ko don sadarwa mai nisa tsakanin birane. Suna da tsada kuma suna da sauƙin shigarwa, yana mai da su mashahurin zaɓi ga kamfanonin sadarwa a wasu yankuna.

 

Karanta Har ila yau: Cikakken Jagora ga Kebul na Fiber na gani na Sama

2. Kebul na Fiber Optic na karkashin kasa

Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, igiyoyin fiber optic na karkashin kasa sune binne a karkashin kasa don samar da amintacciyar hanyar watsawa da kariya. An ƙera waɗannan igiyoyi don jure tasirin yanayi mai tsauri, kamar danshi, canjin zafin jiki, da damuwa na jiki. Ana yawan amfani da igiyoyin karkashin kasa a cikin birane, inda sarari ke da iyaka, kuma kariya daga lalacewa ta bazata ko ɓarna yana da mahimmanci. Yawancin lokaci ana shigar da su ta hanyar magudanan ruwa na ƙasa ko kuma a binne su kai tsaye a cikin ramuka.

3. Ƙarƙashin Fiber Optic Cable

Kebul na fiber optic na karkashin teku an tsara su musamman don shimfidawa fadin teku don haɗa nahiyoyi da ba da damar sadarwar duniya. An kera waɗannan igiyoyi don jure babban matsi da matsananciyar yanayin muhallin ƙarƙashin ruwa. Yawanci ana kiyaye su da yadudduka na ƙarfe ko polyethylene sulke, tare da suturar ruwa. Ana amfani da igiyoyin ƙarƙashin teku don watsa bayanai na duniya kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauƙaƙe haɗin intanet na duniya. Suna iya tsawon dubban kilomita kuma suna da mahimmanci don sadarwa tsakanin nahiyoyi, suna tallafawa babban ƙarfin canja wurin bayanai da haɗin kai a duniya.

4. Kebul na Fiber Optic da aka binne kai tsaye

An tsara igiyoyin fiber optic da aka binne kai tsaye don a binne su kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa ba tare da amfani da magudanar ruwa ko murfin kariya ba. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a aikace-aikace inda yanayin ƙasa ya dace kuma haɗarin lalacewa ko tsangwama yana da ƙasa. An gina waɗannan igiyoyi tare da ƙarin matakan kariya, kamar jakunkuna masu nauyi da sulke, don jure haɗarin haɗari kamar danshi, rodents, da damuwa na inji.

5. Ribbon Fiber Optic Cable

Ribbon fiber optic igiyoyi sun ƙunshi nau'ikan zaruruwan gani da yawa da aka tsara cikin sifofi mai kama da kintinkiri. Filayen suna yawanci jeri saman juna, suna ba da izinin ƙididdige yawan fiber a cikin kebul ɗaya. Ana yawan amfani da igiyoyin ribbon a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar girma da ƙarfi, kamar cibiyoyin bayanai ko musayar sadarwa. Suna sauƙaƙe sauƙin sarrafawa, rarrabawa, da ƙarewa, yana mai da su manufa don shigarwa inda ake buƙatar adadi mai yawa na zaruruwa.

6. Sakonnin Tube Fiber Optic Cable

Sako da igiyoyin fiber na gani bututu sun ƙunshi filaye ɗaya ko fiye da ke kewaye a cikin bututu masu kariya. Wadannan buffer buffer suna aiki azaman raka'a na kariya ga zaruruwa, suna ba da juriya ga danshi, damuwa na inji, da abubuwan muhalli. Ana amfani da igiyoyi masu sako-sako da su a waje ko wurare masu tsauri, kamar hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa mai nisa ko wuraren da ke da saurin sauyin yanayi. Tsarin bututu mai kwance yana ba da izinin gano fiber mai sauƙi, keɓewa, da haɓakawa na gaba.

7. Kebul na Fiber Optic Armored

Ana ƙarfafa igiyoyin fiber na gani masu sulke tare da ƙarin yadudduka na sulke, irin su corrugated karfe ko kaset na aluminium ko braids. Wannan ƙarin Layer yana ba da ingantaccen kariya daga lalacewa ta jiki a cikin ƙalubale masu ƙalubale inda za a iya fallasa igiyoyin ga sojojin waje, gami da manyan injuna, rodents, ko yanayin masana'antu masu tsauri. Ana amfani da igiyoyi masu sulke da yawa a saitunan masana'antu, ayyukan hakar ma'adinai, ko mahalli tare da babban haɗarin lalacewa na haɗari.

 

Waɗannan ƙarin nau'ikan igiyoyin fiber optic suna ba da fasali na musamman da kariya don saduwa da buƙatun shigarwa daban-daban da yanayin muhalli. Zaɓin nau'in kebul ya dogara da dalilai kamar yanayin amfani, kariyar da ake buƙata, hanyar shigarwa, da haɗarin da ake tsammani. Ko don aikace-aikacen jana'izar kai tsaye, shigarwa mai yawa, hanyoyin sadarwa na waje, ko mahalli masu buƙata, zaɓin kebul na fiber optic da ya dace yana tabbatar da ingantaccen ingantaccen watsa bayanai.

8. Sabbin Nau'in Fiber Optic Cable

Fasahar fiber optic tana ci gaba da haɓakawa, tare da sabbin ƙirar fiber da kayan da ke ba da damar ƙarin aikace-aikace. Wasu sabbin nau'ikan kebul na fiber optic sun haɗa da:

 

• Lanƙwasa-gyaran zaruruwa - Fibers tare da bayanin martaba mai ƙima-index wanda ke hana asarar haske ko ɓarnawar cibiya / cladding idan an lanƙwasa kusa da sasanninta ko murɗa. Lanƙwasa-inganta zaruruwa iya jure lankwasa radii har zuwa 7.5mm don guda-yanayin da 5mm don multimode ba tare da gagarumin attenuation. Waɗannan zaruruwa suna ba da damar jigilar fiber a cikin wuraren da bai dace da radiyoyin lanƙwasa mafi girma da ƙarewa a cikin babban haɗin kai ba. 
• Fiber Optical Fiber (POF) - Filayen gani da aka yi daga ainihin filastik da cladding maimakon gilashi. POF ya fi sauƙi, sauƙi don ƙarewa, da ƙananan farashi fiye da fiber na gani na gilashi. Duk da haka, POF yana da mafi girma attenuation da ƙananan bandwidth, iyakance shi zuwa hanyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin mita 100. POF yana da amfani ga kayan lantarki na mabukaci, hanyoyin sadarwar mota, da sarrafa masana'antu inda babban aiki ba shi da mahimmanci. 
• Multicore fibers - Sabuwar zane na fiber da ke dauke da 6, 12 ko ma 19 daban-daban-daban-daban ko multifide cores a cikin kankare. Multicore fibers na iya watsa sigina masu hankali da yawa tare da madaidaicin fiber guda ɗaya da ƙarewa ɗaya ko madaidaicin madaidaicin igiya mai yawa. Koyaya, filayen multicore suna buƙatar ƙarin hadaddun kayan haɗin haɗin gwiwa kamar multicore cleavers da masu haɗin MPO. Matsakaicin attenuation da bandwidth na iya bambanta da na al'ada guda ɗaya da filaye mai dual core. Multicore fibers suna ganin aikace-aikace a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa da cibiyoyin bayanai. 
• Zaɓuɓɓuka masu zurfi - Nau'in fiber da ke fitowa tare da tashoshi maras kyau a cikin ainihin kewaye da ƙaramin tsari wanda ke taƙaita haske a cikin babban rami. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu ɗorewa suna da ƙarancin jinkiri kuma suna rage tasirin da ba na layi ba waɗanda ke karkatar da sigina, amma suna da ƙalubale don ƙira kuma har yanzu suna ci gaba da haɓaka fasaha. A nan gaba, ƙananan zaruruwan ɓangarorin na iya ba da damar cibiyoyin sadarwa masu sauri saboda ƙarar saurin da haske zai iya tafiya ta iska tare da ƙaƙƙarfan gilashi. 

 

Duk da yake har yanzu samfuran ƙwararru, sabbin nau'ikan fiber suna faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen inda igiyoyin fiber optic ke aiki da tsada, kyale cibiyoyin sadarwa suyi gudu cikin sauri mafi girma, a cikin wurare masu tsauri, da kuma kan ɗan gajeren nesa. Yayin da sabbin zaruruwa suka zama mafi al'ada, suna ba da zaɓuɓɓuka don haɓaka sassa daban-daban na kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa dangane da buƙatun aiki da buƙatun shigarwa. Yin amfani da fiber na gaba-gaba yana kiyaye fasahar cibiyar sadarwa a matakin yankewa.     

Ƙayyadaddun Kebul na Fiber Optic da Zaɓin

Fiber optic igiyoyi suna zuwa da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan don dacewa da aikace-aikace daban-daban da bukatun sadarwar. Mahimman ƙayyadaddun bayanai da za a yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar kebul na fiber optic sun haɗa da:

 

• Girma Core - Diamita na ainihin yana ƙayyade adadin bayanai da za a iya aikawa. Zaɓuɓɓuka guda ɗaya suna da ƙaramin tushe (8-10 microns) wanda ke ba da damar yanayin haske ɗaya kawai don yaduwa, yana ba da damar babban bandwidth da nesa mai nisa. Multi-yanayin zaruruwa suna da babban cibiya (50-62.5 microns) wanda ke ba da damar nau'ikan haske da yawa don yaduwa, mafi kyau ga ɗan gajeren nisa da ƙananan bandwidth.  
• Sanyawa - Rufewa yana kewaye da ainihin kuma yana da ƙananan ƙididdiga mai jujjuyawa, yana kama haske a cikin ainihin ta hanyar jimlar tunani na ciki. Diamita cladding yawanci 125 microns ba tare da la'akari da girman ainihin ba.
• Abubuwan Buffer - Abun buffer yana kare igiyoyin fiber daga lalacewa da danshi. Zaɓuɓɓukan gama gari sun haɗa da Teflon, PVC, da polyethylene. Kebul na waje suna buƙatar abubuwan da ba za su iya jure ruwa ba, abubuwan hana yanayi. 
• jacket - Jaket ɗin waje yana ba da ƙarin kariya ta jiki da muhalli don kebul. Ana yin jaket ɗin USB daga kayan kamar PVC, HDPE da ƙarfe sulke. Jaket na waje dole ne su yi tsayin daka da kewayon zafin jiki, bayyanar UV, da abrasion. 
• Na cikin gida vs. Waje - Bugu da ƙari ga jaket daban-daban da buffers, igiyoyin fiber optic na ciki da na waje suna da nau'i daban-daban. Kebul na waje suna raba zaruruwan mutum ɗaya cikin bututu maras kyau ko matsatsin buffer a cikin wani yanki na tsakiya, yana barin danshi ya zube. Kebul na kintinkiri na cikin gida suna ribbonize da tara zaruruwa don girma mai yawa. Kebul na waje yana buƙatar ƙasa mai kyau da ƙarin la'akari da shigarwa don kariya ta UV, bambancin zafin jiki, da lodin iska.

 

To zabi igiyar fiber optic, la'akari da aikace-aikacen, bandwidth da ake so, da yanayin shigarwa. Kebul-mode guda ɗaya sun fi dacewa don sadarwa mai nisa, babban bandwidth kamar kashin baya na cibiyar sadarwa. Hanyoyin igiyoyi masu yawa suna aiki da kyau don ɗan gajeren nesa da ƙananan buƙatun bandwidth a cikin gine-gine. Kebul na cikin gida ba sa buƙatar manyan jaket ko juriya na ruwa, yayin da igiyoyi na waje suna amfani da abubuwa masu ƙarfi don kariya daga yanayi da lalacewa.  

 

Igiyoyi:

 

type	fiber	buffer	jacket	Rating	Aikace-aikace
Single-yanayin OS2	9/125 m	Tushen sako-sako	PVC	na cikin gida	Kashin bayan gida
Multimode OM3/OM4	50/125 m	Matsakaicin buffer	OFNR	Outdoor	Cibiyar bayanai / harabar
Armoured	Single/multi-mode	Tubu mai sako-sako da buffer mai ƙarfi	PE / polyurethane / karfe waya	Jana'izar waje/kai tsaye	Tsananin yanayi
ADSS	Single-mode	Wanda ba a Ganshi ba	Taimakon kai	m	FTTA / sanduna / mai amfani
OPGW	Single-mode	Tushen sako-sako	Ƙarfe mai goyan bayan kai/karfe	Matsayin iska	Layukan wuta na sama
Sauke igiyoyi	Single/multi-mode	900μm / 3mm subunits	PVC/plenum	Na cikin gida / waje	Haɗin abokin ciniki na ƙarshe

  

connectivity: 

 

type	fiber	Daidaitawa	goge	ƙarshe	Aikace-aikace
LC	Single/multi-mode	PC/APC	Sadarwar Jiki (PC) ko kusurwa 8° (APC)	Single fiber ko duplex	Mafi yawan gama-gari mai haɗin fiber guda ɗaya/dual, aikace-aikace masu yawa
MPO / MTP	Multi-yanayin (12/24 fiber)	PC/APC	Sadarwar Jiki (PC) ko kusurwa 8° (APC)	Multi-fiber tsararru	40/100G connectivity, trunking, data cibiyoyin
SC	Single/multi-mode	PC/APC	Sadarwar Jiki (PC) ko kusurwa 8° (APC)	Simplex ko duplex	Aikace-aikace na gado, wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa masu ɗaukar kaya
ST	Single/multi-mode	PC/APC	Sadarwar Jiki (PC) ko kusurwa 8° (APC)	Simplex ko duplex	Aikace-aikace na gado, wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa masu ɗaukar kaya
MU	Single-mode	PC/APC	Sadarwar Jiki (PC) ko kusurwa 8° (APC)	Simplex	Mahalli mai tsauri, fiber zuwa eriya
raba katangar / trays	N / A	NA	NA	Fusion ko inji	Canji, maidowa ko shiga tsaka-tsaki

 

Da fatan za a koma zuwa wannan jagorar lokacin zabar samfuran fiber optic don tantance nau'in da ya dace don aikace-aikacen ku da mahallin cibiyar sadarwa. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan kowane samfur, tuntuɓi masana'anta kai tsaye ko sanar da ni yadda zan iya ba da ƙarin shawarwari ko taimakon zaɓi.

  

Fiber optic igiyoyi suna ba da daidaitaccen saitin kaddarorin don dacewa da buƙatun sadarwar a kowane yanayi lokacin da aka zaɓi nau'in da ya dace bisa la'akari da ƙayyadaddun bayanai game da aikace-aikacen, girman ainihin, ƙimar jaket, da wurin shigarwa. Yin la'akari da waɗannan halayen yana taimakawa tabbatar da iyakar inganci, kariya, da ƙima.

Matsayin Masana'antu na Fiber Optic Cable

Masana'antar kebul na fiber optic suna bin ka'idodi daban-daban don tabbatar da dacewa, aminci, da haɗin kai tsakanin sassa da tsarin daban-daban. Wannan sashe ya binciko wasu mahimman ka'idojin masana'antu waɗanda ke tafiyar da kebul na fiber optic da mahimmancin su wajen tabbatar da hanyoyin sadarwa mara kyau.

 

• TIA/EIA-568: Ma'auni na TIA/EIA-568, wanda Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Sadarwa (TIA) da Ƙungiyoyin Masana'antu na Lantarki (EIA) suka haɓaka, suna ba da ka'idoji don ƙira da shigar da tsarin igiyoyi da aka tsara, ciki har da igiyoyin fiber optic. Ya ƙunshi bangarori daban-daban, kamar nau'ikan kebul, masu haɗawa, aikin watsawa, da buƙatun gwaji. Yarda da wannan ma'auni yana tabbatar da daidaito da ingantaccen aiki a duk nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban.
• ISO/IEC 11801: Ma'auni na ISO/IEC 11801 yana saita buƙatun tsarin tsarin igiyoyi, gami da igiyoyin fiber optic, a cikin wuraren kasuwanci. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa kamar aikin watsawa, nau'ikan kebul, masu haɗawa, da ayyukan shigarwa. Yarda da wannan ma'auni yana tabbatar da aiki tare da daidaiton aiki a tsakanin tsarin cabling daban-daban.
• ANSI/TIA-598: Ma'aunin ANSI/TIA-598 yana ba da jagorori don coding launi na igiyoyin fiber optic, ƙayyadaddun tsarin launi don nau'ikan zaruruwa daban-daban, suturar buffer, da launukan taya mai haɗawa. Wannan ma'auni yana tabbatar da daidaituwa kuma yana sauƙaƙe ganewa da daidaitawa na igiyoyin fiber optic yayin shigarwa, kulawa, da kuma gyara matsala.
• ITU-T G.651: Ma'aunin ITU-T G.651 yana bayyana halaye da sigogin watsawa don filaye masu gani na multimode. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa kamar girman ainihin, bayanin martaba mai jujjuyawa, da bandwidth na modal. Yarda da wannan ma'auni yana tabbatar da daidaiton aiki da dacewa da igiyoyin fiber na gani na multimode a cikin tsarin da aikace-aikace daban-daban.
• ITU-T G.652: Ma'auni na ITU-T G.652 yana ƙayyadaddun halaye da sigogin watsawa don filaye masu gani guda ɗaya. Ya ƙunshi sassa kamar attenuation, watsawa, da yanke igiyar ruwa. Yarda da wannan ma'auni yana tabbatar da daidaito da ingantaccen aiki na igiyoyin fiber na gani guda ɗaya don aikace-aikacen sadarwa mai nisa.

 

Riko da waɗannan ƙa'idodin masana'antu yana da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye dacewa, aminci, da aiki a cikin shigarwar kebul na fiber optic. Yarda da aiki yana tabbatar da cewa igiyoyi, masu haɗawa, da abubuwan haɗin cibiyar sadarwa daga masana'antun daban-daban na iya yin aiki tare ba tare da matsala ba, sauƙaƙe ƙirar hanyar sadarwa, shigarwa, da matakan kiyayewa. Hakanan yana sauƙaƙe haɗin kai kuma yana ba da harshe gama gari don sadarwa tsakanin ƙwararrun masana'antu.

 

Duk da yake waɗannan kaɗan ne daga cikin ƙa'idodin masana'antu don igiyoyin fiber optic, ba za a iya faɗi mahimmancin su ba. Ta bin waɗannan ƙa'idodi, masu ƙira na cibiyar sadarwa, masu sakawa, da masu aiki za su iya tabbatar da mutunci da ingancin kayan aikin fiber optic, haɓaka ingantaccen hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa masu inganci.

 

Karanta Har ila yau: Demystifying Ma'aunin Kebul na Fiber Na gani: Cikakken Jagora

Fiber Optic Cable Construction da Hasken Watsawa

Fiber optic igiyoyi an yi su ne da yadudduka biyu na silica mai gauraya, gilashin tsafta mai tsafta tare da nuna gaskiya. Cikiyar ciki tana da fihirisar haɓakawa mafi girma fiye da rufin waje, yana ba da damar haske ya jagoranci tare da fiber ta hanyar jimillar tunani na ciki.  

 

Haɗin haɗin kebul na fiber optic ya ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa:

 

Abubuwan da aka tsara da ƙirar kebul na fiber optic sun ƙayyade dacewarsa don aikace-aikace daban-daban da wuraren shigarwa. Mahimman abubuwan da ke tattare da aikin kebul sun haɗa da:

 

• Girman Core - Filayen gilashin ciki wanda ke ɗaukar siginar gani. Girman gama gari sune 9/125μm, 50/125μm, da 62.5/125μm. 9/125μm guda-yanayin fiber yana da kunkuntar core don dogon nisa, babban bandwidth yana gudana. 50 / 125μm da 62.5 / 125μm fiber multi-mode fiber suna da manyan nau'i-nau'i don gajeren hanyoyin haɗin kai lokacin da ba a buƙatar babban bandwidth. 
• Buffer buffer - Rubutun filastik da ke kewaye da igiyoyin fiber don kariya. Za a iya tara zaruruwa cikin bututu daban-daban don tsari da keɓewa. Buffer kuma yana hana danshi daga zaruruwa. Ana amfani da bututu mai sako-sako da ƙwanƙolin buffer buffer. 
• Ƙarfafa membobin - Aramid yadudduka, sandunan fiberglass ko wayoyi na ƙarfe da aka haɗa a cikin kebul na USB don samar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da hana damuwa akan filaye yayin shigarwa ko canjin yanayi. Ƙarfafa membobin suna rage elongation kuma suna ba da damar tashin hankali mafi girma lokacin shigar da kebul.
• Fillers - Ƙarin padding ko shaƙewa, sau da yawa ana yin ta da fiberglass, an saka shi a cikin kebul na tsakiya don samar da matashin kai da kuma sanya kebul ɗin zagaye. Fillers kawai suna ɗaukar sarari kuma basu ƙara ƙarfi ko kariya ba. An haɗa kawai kamar yadda ake buƙata don cimma mafi kyawun diamita na USB. 
• Jaketar waje - Layer na filastik wanda ke rufe tushen kebul, masu cikawa, da membobin ƙarfi. Jaket ɗin yana ba da kariya daga danshi, lalata, sinadarai, da sauran lalacewar muhalli. Kayan jaket na yau da kullun sune HDPE, MDPE, PVC, da LSZH. Kebul na waje yana amfani da kauri, Jaket masu jure UV kamar polyethylene ko polyurethane. 
• Armor - Ƙarin murfin ƙarfe, yawanci ƙarfe ko aluminium, an ƙara shi akan jaket na USB don iyakar injina da kariya ta rodent. Ana amfani da kebul na fiber optic sulke idan an shigar da shi cikin yanayi mara kyau wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa. Makamin yana ƙara nauyi mai mahimmanci kuma yana rage sassauci don haka kawai ana ba da shawarar idan ya cancanta. 
• Ripcord - Igiyar nailan a ƙarƙashin jaket ɗin waje wanda ke ba da izinin cire jaket ɗin cikin sauƙi yayin ƙarewa da haɗawa. Kawai ja ripcord yana raba jaket ɗin ba tare da lalata zaruruwa a ƙasa ba. Ba a haɗa Ripcord a cikin kowane nau'in kebul na fiber optic ba. 

 

Haɗin ƙayyadaddun waɗannan abubuwan haɗin ginin yana samar da kebul na fiber optic wanda aka inganta don yanayin aiki da aka yi niyya da buƙatun aiki. Masu haɗaka zasu iya zaɓar daga kewayon nau'ikan kebul don kowace hanyar sadarwa ta fiber optic. 

 

Ƙara Ƙarin: Abubuwan Kebul na Fiber Optic: Cikakken Jerin & Bayyana

 

Lokacin da aka watsar da haske zuwa cikin fiber optic core, yana nuna kashe ma'amalar cladding a kusurwoyi mafi girma fiye da kusurwa mai mahimmanci, yana ci gaba da tafiya ta cikin fiber. Wannan tunani na ciki tare da tsayin fiber yana ba da damar asarar haske mara kyau akan nisa mai nisa.

 

Bambance-bambancen firikwensin da ke tsakanin tsakiya da cladding, wanda aka auna ta wurin buɗaɗɗen lamba (NA), yana ƙayyade adadin hasken da zai iya shiga fiber da kuma kusurwoyi nawa za su yi nuni a ciki. Mafi girma NA yana ba da damar karɓar haske mafi girma da kusurwar tunani, mafi kyau ga ɗan gajeren nisa, yayin da ƙaramin NA yana da ƙarancin karɓar haske amma yana iya watsawa tare da ƙarancin ƙima akan nesa mai tsayi.

 

Gine-gine da kaddarorin watsawa na igiyoyin fiber optic suna ba da izini don saurin da ba a daidaita ba, bandwidth, da isar da hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic. Ba tare da kayan aikin lantarki ba, fiber optics suna samar da ingantaccen dandamalin buɗe hanyar shiga don sadarwar dijital da ba da damar fasahar zamani. Fahimtar yadda za'a iya inganta haske don tafiyar mil a cikin fiber gilashi kamar siriri kamar gashin ɗan adam shine mabuɗin buɗe yuwuwar tsarin fiber optic.

Tarihin Fiber Optic Cables

Haɓaka igiyoyin fiber optic sun fara ne a cikin shekarun 1960 tare da ƙirar laser. Masana kimiyya sun gane cewa ana iya watsa hasken Laser ta nisa mai nisa ta siraran gilashi. A cikin 1966, Charles Kao da George Hockham sun yi hasashen cewa za a iya amfani da filayen gilashi don watsa haske a cikin dogon nesa tare da ƙarancin asara. Ayyukansu sun kafa tushen fasahar fiber optic na zamani.

 

A cikin 1970, masu bincike na Corning Glass Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, da Peter Schultz sun ƙirƙira fiber na gani na farko tare da asarar ƙarancin isa ga aikace-aikacen sadarwa. Ƙirƙirar wannan fiber ya ba da damar bincike don amfani da fiber optics don sadarwa. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, kamfanoni sun fara haɓaka tsarin sadarwar fiber optic na kasuwanci. 

 

A cikin 1977, Babban Waya da Lantarki sun aika da zirga-zirgar tarho ta farko ta hanyar igiyoyin fiber optic a Long Beach, California. Wannan gwaji ya nuna yuwuwar sadarwar fiber optic. A cikin shekarun 1980s, kamfanonin da ke aiki don tura hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic mai nisa sun haɗa manyan biranen Amurka da Turai. A ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s, kamfanonin tarho na jama'a sun fara maye gurbin layukan tarho na jan karfe na gargajiya tare da igiyoyin fiber optic.

 

Manyan masu kirkire-kirkire da majagaba a fasahar fiber optic sun hada da Narinder Singh Kapany, Jun-ichi Nishizawa, da Robert Maurer. An san Kapany a matsayin "Uban Fiber Optics" don aikinsa a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960 masu tasowa da aiwatar da fasahar fiber optic. Nishizawa ya ƙirƙira tsarin sadarwa na gani na farko a cikin 1953. Maurer ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Corning Glass waɗanda suka ƙirƙira fiber na gani mara nauyi na farko wanda ke ba da damar sadarwar fiber optic na zamani.  

 

Haɓaka igiyoyin fiber optic ya kawo sauyi a hanyoyin sadarwa na duniya kuma ya ba da damar intanet mai sauri da hanyoyin sadarwar bayanai na duniya da muke da su a yau. Fasahar fiber optic ta haɗa duniya ta hanyar ba da damar watsa bayanai masu yawa a duniya cikin daƙiƙa guda.

 

A ƙarshe, ta hanyar shekaru masu aiki da masana kimiyya da masu bincike suka yi, an haɓaka kebul na fiber optic kuma an inganta su don watsa siginar haske a cikin nesa mai nisa. Ƙirƙirar su da kasuwancin su sun canza duniya ta hanyar ba da damar sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa na duniya da samun damar bayanai.

Tubalan Ginin Haɗin Fiber  

A ainihinsa, hanyar sadarwa ta fiber optic tana ƙunshe da ƴan sassa na asali waɗanda ke haɗa haɗin gwiwa don ƙirƙirar abubuwan more rayuwa don watsawa da karɓar bayanai ta siginar haske. Abubuwan asali sun haɗa da:   

 

• Fiber optic igiyoyi kamar Unitube Light-armored Cable (GYXS/GYXTW) ko Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable (JET) sun ƙunshi bakin ciki igiyoyi na gilashi ko kayan fiber filastik kuma suna ba da hanya tare da alamun tafiya. Nau'in kebul sun haɗa da singlemode, multimode, kebul na fiber na gani na matasan fiber da kebul na rarrabawa. Abubuwan zaɓi sune yanayin fiber / ƙidaya, gini, hanyar shigarwa, da mu'amalar cibiyar sadarwa. Filayen gani na bakin ciki, sassauƙan igiyoyin gilashi ko robobi waɗanda ke aiki azaman matsakaici don watsa siginar haske a nesa mai nisa. An tsara su don rage asarar sigina da kiyaye amincin bayanan da aka watsa.
• Madogarar haske: Ana amfani da tushen haske, yawanci Laser ko LED (Light Emitting Diode), don samar da siginar hasken da ake watsa ta cikin filaye na gani. Mafarkin hasken yana buƙatar samun damar samar da tsayayyen haske da daidaiton fitarwa don tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa bayanai.
• Abubuwan haɗin haɗi: waɗannan abubuwan haɗin suna haɗa igiyoyi zuwa kayan aiki, suna ba da izinin faci. Masu haɗawa kamar LC, SC da MPO ma'aurata fiber strands zuwa kayan aiki tashar jiragen ruwa da igiyoyi. Adafta kamar Fiber optic adaftar/nau'in na'ura flange/mai sauri na gani haši suna haɗa masu haɗawa a cikin facin faci. Faci igiyoyin da aka riga an ƙare tare da masu haɗawa suna ƙirƙirar hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na wucin gadi. Haɗuwa tana canja siginar haske tsakanin igiyoyin kebul, kayan aiki, da igiyoyin faci tare da hanyar haɗin. Daidaita nau'ikan masu haɗawa zuwa buƙatun shigarwa da tashar jiragen ruwa na kayan aiki.  
• Masu haɗawa: Ana amfani da masu haɗawa don haɗa filayen gani ɗaya ɗaya ko don haɗa zaruruwa zuwa wasu abubuwan cibiyar sadarwa, kamar masu sauyawa ko na'urorin sadarwa. Waɗannan masu haɗawa suna tabbatar da amintaccen haɗin kai don kiyaye amincin bayanan da aka watsa.
• Kayan aikin haɗin kai: Wannan ya haɗa da na'urori kamar facin faci, shingen shinge, da akwatunan ƙarewa. Wadannan kayan aikin kayan aikin suna ba da hanya mai dacewa da tsari don sarrafawa da kare filayen gani da haɗin su. Suna kuma taimakawa wajen magance matsala da kula da hanyar sadarwa.
• Abubuwan da aka rufe kamar kabad ɗin fiber na tsaye, rack mount fiber enclosures ko bangon fiber na bango suna ba da kariya ga haɗin haɗin fiber da ɓangarorin ƙwanƙwasa / looping tare da zaɓuɓɓuka don babban yawa. Slack trays da jagororin fiber suna adana tsayin igiyoyi da yawa. Rukunin yana kare kariya daga haɗarin muhalli kuma suna tsara babban ƙarar fiber. 
• Transceivers: Transceivers, wanda kuma aka sani da modules na gani, suna aiki a matsayin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin hanyar sadarwa ta fiber optic da sauran na'urorin sadarwar, kamar kwamfutoci, masu sauyawa, ko hanyoyin sadarwa. Suna canza siginar lantarki zuwa siginar gani don watsawa da kuma akasin haka, suna ba da damar haɗin kai tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic da hanyoyin sadarwa na tushen jan ƙarfe na gargajiya.
• Masu maimaitawa/Amplifiers: Sigina na fiber optic na iya raguwa a kan dogon nesa saboda raguwa (asarar ƙarfin sigina). Ana amfani da masu maimaitawa ko amplifiers don sake haɓakawa da haɓaka siginar gani a tazara na yau da kullun don tabbatar da ingancinsu da amincin su.
• Sauyawa da masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa: Waɗannan na'urori na cibiyar sadarwa suna da alhakin jagorantar kwararar bayanai a cikin hanyar sadarwar fiber optic. Masu sauyawa suna sauƙaƙe sadarwa a cikin hanyar sadarwar gida, yayin da masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa ke ba da damar musayar bayanai tsakanin cibiyoyin sadarwa daban-daban. Suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa zirga-zirga da tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa bayanai.
• Hanyoyin kariya: Cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic na iya haɗawa da hanyoyin kariya daban-daban kamar hanyoyin da ba su da yawa, kayan wutan lantarki, da ma'ajin bayanai don tabbatar da samuwa mai yawa da amincin bayanai. Waɗannan hanyoyin suna taimakawa rage raguwar lokacin sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa da kuma kariya daga asarar bayanai idan an samu lalacewa ko rushewa.
• Gwajin kayan aikin kamar OTDRs da mitoci masu ƙarfin gani suna auna aiki don tabbatar da watsa siginar da ta dace. OTDRs sun tabbatar da shigarwar kebul da gano al'amura. Mita wutar lantarki duba hasara a haɗin gwiwa. Samfuran sarrafa kayan more rayuwa suna taimakawa a cikin takardu, lakabi, tsarawa da warware matsala.   

 

Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa suna aiki tare don ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa na fiber optic mai sauri, yana ba da damar watsa bayanai cikin sauri da aminci akan nesa mai nisa.

 

Haɗo abubuwan haɗin gwiwa tare da ingantacciyar shigarwa, ƙarewa, tsagawa da dabarun faci yana ba da damar canja wurin siginar gani don bayanai, murya da bidiyo a cikin harabar harabar, gine-gine da kayan sadarwar sadarwar. Fahimtar buƙatun don ƙimar bayanai, kasafin kuɗi na asara, haɓaka, da mahalli yana ƙayyade haɗin da ake buƙata na igiyoyi, haɗin kai, gwaji da shinge ga kowane aikace-aikacen sadarwar. 

Zaɓuɓɓukan Kebul na Fiber Optic  

Fiber optic igiyoyi suna ba da matsakaicin watsawa ta zahiri don sarrafa siginar gani da gajere zuwa nesa mai nisa. Akwai nau'o'i da yawa don haɗa kayan sadarwar, na'urorin abokin ciniki, da kayan aikin sadarwa. Abubuwa kamar yanayin shigarwa, yanayin fiber da ƙidaya, nau'ikan haɗin haɗin, da ƙimar bayanai za su ƙayyade wane ginin kebul na fiber na gani ya dace don kowane aikace-aikacen.  

 

Copper Cables kamar CAT5E Data Copper Cable ko CAT6 Data Copper Cable sun ƙunshi fiber strands tare da jan karfe nau'i-nau'i, da amfani inda duka fiber da kuma jan connectivity ake bukata a daya na USB gudu. Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da igiya mai sauƙi/zip, duplex, rarrabawa da igiyoyi masu fashewa.

 

Armored Cables sun haɗa kayan ƙarfafa daban-daban don kariya daga lalacewa ko matsanancin yanayi. Nau'o'in sun haɗa da Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Memba na USB mai sulke (Saukewa: GYFTA53) ko Kebul mai sulke mai sulke mai sulke.GYTS/GYTA) tare da bututu masu cike da gel da ƙarfafa ƙarfe don amfanin harabar. Makamai masu tsaka-tsaki ko tef ɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe suna ba da ƙaƙƙarfan kariyar rodent/ walƙiya.  

 

Ana amfani da igiyoyi masu saukewa don haɗi na ƙarshe daga rarraba zuwa wurare. Zaɓuɓɓuka kamar kebul na nau'in baka mai goyan bayan kai (GJYXFCH) ko Kebul na nau'in baka (GJXFH) ba sa buƙatar tallafin igiyoyi. Kebul na nau'in Strenath Bow (GJXFA) ya ƙarfafa membobin ƙarfi. Kebul na nau'in baka don bututu (GJYXFHS) don shigar da magudanar ruwa. Zaɓuɓɓukan iska sun haɗa da Hoto 8 Kebul (GYTC8A) ko All Dielectric Kebul na iska mai tallafawa kai (ADSS).

 

Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka don amfanin cikin gida sun haɗa da Unitube Light-armored Cable (GYXS/GYXTW), Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable (JETO) ko Ƙarfin Ƙarfashin Ƙarfa mara Ƙarfe Mai Ƙarfe Mara Armored (Cable)GYFTY). Haɗaɗɗen igiyoyin fiber na gani sun ƙunshi fiber da jan ƙarfe a cikin jaket ɗaya. 

 

Zaɓin kebul na fiber optic kamar kebul na nau'in nau'in baka mai tallafawa kai (GJYXFCH) yana farawa da tantance hanyar shigarwa, yanayi, nau'in fiber da ƙidaya da ake buƙata. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙirar kebul, ƙimar harshen wuta/murkushe, nau'in haɗin haɗi, da jan tashin hankali dole ne su dace da amfani da hanya da aka yi niyya. 

 

Ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa mai kyau, ƙarewa, ƙaddamarwa, shigarwa, da gwaji na igiyoyin fiber optic ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kuma suna ba da damar watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye akan FTTx, metro da kuma dogon lokaci. Sabbin sababbin abubuwa suna haɓaka haɗin fiber, ƙara yawan fiber a cikin ƙananan igiyoyi masu haɗaɗɗun igiyoyi masu lanƙwasa don nan gaba.

  

Hybrid Cables sun ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i na jan karfe da igiyoyin fiber a cikin jaket ɗaya don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar murya, bayanai, da haɗin kai mai sauri. Ƙididdigar Copper/Fiber sun bambanta dangane da buƙatu. Ana amfani da shi don sauke shigarwa a cikin MDUs, asibitoci, makarantu inda kebul guda ɗaya kawai zai yiwu.

 

Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka kamar siffa-8 da kewayen igiyoyin iska duka-dielectric ne ko suna da fiberglass/mambobi ƙarfin polymer don shigarwar iska ba buƙatar ƙarfafa ƙarfe ba. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da bututu mai sako-sako, tsakiyar tsakiya da ƙirar kebul na fiber na ribbon.

 

Zaɓin kebul na fiber optic yana farawa tare da ƙayyade yanayin shigarwa da matakin kariya da ake buƙata, sannan ƙidayar fiber da nau'in da ake buƙata don tallafawa buƙatun bandwidth na yanzu da na gaba. Nau'in haɗin haɗi, ginin kebul, ƙimar harshen wuta, ƙimar murkushe/tasiri, da ja da ƙayyadaddun ƙima dole ne su dace da hanyar da aka yi niyya da amfani. Zaɓin sanannen, ma'auni-mai dacewa na kebul na kebul da tabbatar da duk halayen aikin ana ƙididdige su da kyau don yanayin shigarwa zai tabbatar da ingantaccen kayan aikin fiber tare da watsa sigina mafi kyau. 

 

Kebul na Expics Ensics suna ba da tushe don gina hanyoyin sadarwar fiber mai saurin sauri don dakatar da dakatarwa mai kyau don dakatarwa mai kyau don dakatarwar da ya dace, sptaing, shigarwa, da gwaji. Lokacin da aka tura tare da ingantattun abubuwan haɗin haɗin kai a cikin ingantaccen kayan aikin da aka tsara, igiyoyin fiber optic suna ba da damar watsa watsawar bandwidth mai girma akan metro, tsayi mai tsayi da hanyoyin sadarwa na FTTx waɗanda ke jujjuya hanyoyin sadarwa don bayanai, murya, da aikace-aikacen bidiyo a duk faɗin duniya. Sabbin sababbin abubuwan da ke kewaye da ƙananan igiyoyi, mafi girman yawan fiber, ƙirar ƙira, da filaye marasa lanƙwasa suna ci gaba da haɓaka haɗin fiber zuwa gaba.

 

Kuna iya Sha'awar:

 

• Ana shigo da igiyoyin Fiber Optic daga China: Yadda-zuwa & Mafi kyawun Nasiha
• 4 Mafi kyawun Masu Kera Fiber Optic Cable a Turkiyya da za a Bi
• Top 5 Fiber Optic Cable Supplier A Philippines
• Manyan Masana'antun Fiber Optic Cable 5 a Malaysia

Haɗin Fiber Optic

Abubuwan haɗin haɗin kai suna ba da hanyoyin yin amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic tare da kayan aikin sadarwar da ƙirƙirar haɗin faci ta hanyar bangarori da kaset. Zaɓuɓɓuka don masu haɗawa, adaftan, igiyoyin faci, manyan kantuna, da facin faci suna ba da damar haɗin kai tsakanin kayan aiki da ba da damar sake daidaitawa zuwa kayan aikin fiber kamar yadda ake buƙata. Zaɓin haɗin kai yana buƙatar daidaita nau'ikan haɗin haɗi zuwa nau'ikan igiyoyin igiya da tashoshin kayan aiki, asara da ƙayyadaddun dorewa zuwa buƙatun cibiyar sadarwa, da buƙatun shigarwa.

 

Masu haɗawa: Masu haɗawa suna ƙare igiyoyin fiber zuwa ma'auratan igiyoyi zuwa tashoshin kayan aiki ko wasu igiyoyi. Nau'o'in gama-gari sune:

 

• LC (Mai Haɗin Lucent): 1.25mm zirconia ferrule. Don facin faci, masu juyawa na watsa labarai, transceivers. Low hasara da babban madaidaici. Mated tare da masu haɗin LC. 
• SC (Mai Haɗin Kuɗi): 2.5mm karfe. Mai ƙarfi, don dogon hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Mated tare da SC connectors. Don cibiyoyin sadarwar harabar, telco, masana'antu.
• ST (Tip madaidaiciya): 2.5mm karfe. Akwai shirye-shiryen Simplex ko duplex. Telco misali amma wasu asara. Mated tare da ST connectors. 
• MPO (Maɗaukakin Fiber Push Kunna): Ribbon fiber namiji haši don layi daya na gani. Zaɓuɓɓukan fiber 12 ko 24-fiber. Don babban yawa, cibiyoyin bayanai, 40G/100G Ethernet. Mated da MPO mata hadi. 
• MTP - Bambancin MPO ta US Conec. Mai jituwa tare da MPO.
• SMA (SubMiniature A): 2.5mm karfe. Don kayan gwaji, kayan aiki, na'urorin likita. Ba a saba amfani da shi don cibiyoyin sadarwar bayanai.

 

Karanta Har ila yau: Cikakken Jagora ga Masu Haɗin Fiber Na gani

 

Bulkheads suna hawa cikin kayan aiki, bangarori, da kantunan bango don amintattun masu haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da simplex, duplex, array ko saituna na al'ada tare da tashoshin haɗin mata don saduwa da igiyoyin faci ko igiyoyin tsalle na nau'in haɗin haɗi iri ɗaya.

 

Adaftan suna haɗa haɗe-haɗe biyu na nau'in iri ɗaya. Saitunan suna simplex, duplex, MPO, da al'ada don babban yawa. Dutsen a cikin facin fiber, firam ɗin rarrabawa, ko gidaje masu fita bango don sauƙaƙe haɗin giciye da sake daidaitawa. 

 

Faci igiyoyin da aka riga an gama da su tare da masu haɗawa suna haifar da haɗin kai na wucin gadi tsakanin kayan aiki ko a cikin facin faci. Akwai shi a cikin yanayin guda ɗaya, multimode ko haɗaɗɗen igiyoyi don jeri daban-daban. Matsakaicin tsayi daga mita 0.5 zuwa 5 tare da tsayin al'ada akan buƙata. Zaɓi nau'in fiber, gini da nau'ikan haɗin haɗi don dacewa da bukatun shigarwa. 

 

Patch Panel yana ba da haɗin kai don igiyoyin fiber a cikin tsaka-tsakin wuri, yana ba da damar haɗin giciye da motsawa / ƙara / canje-canje. Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da:

 

• Standard patch panels: 1U zuwa 4U, riƙe 12 zuwa 96 zaruruwa ko fiye. Zaɓuɓɓukan adaftar LC, SC, MPO. Don cibiyoyin bayanai, gina haɗin kai. 
• Faci mai kusurwa: Daidai da ma'auni amma a kusurwar 45° don ganuwa / isarwa. 
• Kaset na MPO/MTP: Zamewa cikin facin 1U zuwa 4U. Kowa yana riƙe da masu haɗin MPO 12-fiber don watsewa cikin filaye ɗaya tare da adaftar LC/SC ko don haɗa haɗin haɗin MPO/MTP da yawa. Babban yawa, don 40G/100G Ethernet. 
• Rarraba Fiber da Frames: Girman sawun ƙafa, ƙidayar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa fiye da facin faci. Don manyan hanyoyin haɗin kai, telco/ISP ofisoshin tsakiya.

 

Fiber yana rufe facin facin gida, kula da lallausan da faranti. Rackmount, bangon bango da zaɓuɓɓukan tsaye tare da ƙidayar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa / sawun ƙafa daban-daban. Nau'in sarrafa muhalli ko marasa sarrafawa. Samar da tsari da kariya don haɗin haɗin fiber. 

 

MTP/MPO harnesses (Trunks) sun haɗu da masu haɗin MPO don watsa layi ɗaya a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar 40/100G. Zaɓuɓɓukan mace-da-mace da mace-zuwa-namiji tare da 12-fiber ko 24-fiber ginawa.

 

Aiwatar da ingantaccen kayan haɗin haɗin kai ta ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mabuɗin shine mabuɗin aiki mafi kyau da aminci a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar fiber. Zaɓin abubuwan da suka dace da buƙatun shigarwa da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa zai ba da damar manyan abubuwan more rayuwa tare da goyan bayan gado da aikace-aikace masu tasowa. Sabbin sababbin abubuwan da ke kewayen ƙananan abubuwan, mafi girman fiber / mai haɗaka da sauri suna ƙaruwa da buƙatun a haɗe da ƙirar sigari da ƙirar ƙira da kayan ƙira. 

 

Haɗin kai yana wakiltar tushen ginin ginin hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic, yana ba da damar mu'amala tsakanin hanyoyin kebul, haɗin giciye, da kayan sadarwar sadarwar. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai game da asara, karko, yawa, da ƙimar bayanai sun ƙayyade madaidaicin haɗin haɗin haɗin kai, adaftan, igiyoyin faci, bangarori, da harnesses don ƙirƙirar hanyoyin haɗin fiber wanda zai daidaita don saduwa da bukatun bandwidth na gaba.

Tsarin Rarraba Fiber Na gani

Fiber optic igiyoyi suna buƙatar shinge, kabad da firam don tsarawa, karewa da samar da dama ga igiyoyin fiber. Mabuɗin tsarin rarraba fiber sun haɗa da:

 

1. Yakin fiber - Akwatunan da ke jure yanayin yanayi waɗanda aka sanya tare da hanyar kebul zuwa ɓangarorin gida, ajiyar kebul mara ƙarfi, da ƙarewa ko wuraren shiga. Rukunin yana kare abubuwa daga lalacewar muhalli yayin ba da damar ci gaba da shiga. Tudun bangon bango da shingen tudun sandar sun zama gama gari. 
2. Fiber rarraba kabad - Ma'aikatun sun ƙunshi bangarorin haɗin haɗin fiber na gani, tire mai ɗorewa, ajiyar fiber mai rauni, da igiyoyi masu faci don haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Ana samun ma'aikatun a matsayin na cikin gida ko na waje/raka'a masu tauri. Kabad na waje suna ba da tabbataccen yanayi don kayan aiki masu mahimmanci a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
3. Filayen rarraba fiber - Manyan rarraba raka'a dauke da mahara fiber faci bangarori, a tsaye da kuma kwance na USB management, splice kabad, da cabling for high-fiber yawa giciye aikace-aikace. Firam ɗin rarrabawa suna tallafawa ƙasusuwan baya da cibiyoyin bayanai.
4. Fiber patch panels - Panels suna ƙunshe da adaftan fiber da yawa don ƙare igiyoyin igiyoyin fiber fiber da haɗa igiyoyin faci. Fanalan da aka ɗora suna zamewa cikin kabad ɗin fiber da firam don haɗin giciye da rarraba fiber. Adaftar panel da kaset nau'i biyu ne na gama-gari.  
5. Tire mai raba - Modular trays wanda ke tsara nau'ikan fiber guda ɗaya don kariya da adanawa. An ajiye tire masu yawa a cikin kabad da firam. Tayoyin da aka raba suna ba da izinin zazzaɓi mai raɗaɗi da yawa don zama bayan an yi wa sassauƙawar motsi/ƙara/canzawa ba tare da resplicing ba. 
6. Slack spools - Juyawa spools ko reels saka a cikin fiber rarraba raka'a don adana wuce haddi ko fare tsawon fiber na USB. Slack spools suna hana fiber wuce mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa radius, koda lokacin da ake kewaya wurare masu tsauri na shinge da kabad. 
7. Faci igiyoyi - Tsawon igiyoyin fiber ɗin ya ƙare har abada a ƙarshen duka biyu tare da masu haɗawa don samar da sassauƙan haɗin kai tsakanin facin facin, tashoshin kayan aiki, da sauran wuraren ƙarewa. Kebul na faci suna ba da damar sauye-sauye masu sauri zuwa hanyoyin haɗin fiber lokacin da ake buƙata. 

 

Abubuwan haɗin haɗin fiber na gani tare da shingen kariya da kabad suna ƙirƙirar tsarin haɗaka don rarraba fiber a cikin kayan aikin sadarwar, masu amfani, da wurare. Lokacin zayyana hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber, masu haɗawa dole ne suyi la'akari da cikakkun abubuwan abubuwan more rayuwa ban da kebul na fiber optic kanta. Tsarin rarraba kayan aiki da kyau yana tallafawa aikin fiber, yana ba da dama da sassauci, kuma yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber. 

Aikace-aikace na Fiber Optic Cables 

Hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic sun zama kashin bayan tsarin sadarwa na zamani, suna samar da saurin watsa bayanai da haɗin kai a fagage da yawa.

 

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman aikace-aikace na igiyoyin fiber optic shine a cikin kayan aikin sadarwa. Cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic sun ba da damar haɗin yanar gizo mai sauri don intanet da sabis na tarho a duniya. Babban bandwidth na igiyoyin fiber optic yana ba da damar saurin watsa murya, bayanai, da bidiyo. Manyan kamfanonin sadarwa sun saka jari mai tsoka wajen gina hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic a duniya.

 

Fiber optic na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna da amfani da yawa a cikin magani da kiwon lafiya. Ana iya haɗa su cikin kayan aikin tiyata don samar da ingantaccen daidaito, gani, da sarrafawa. Hakanan ana amfani da fiber optic na'urori masu auna firikwensin don sa ido kan mahimman alamu ga majinyata marasa lafiya kuma suna iya gano canje-canjen da ba a iya gane su ga hankalin ɗan adam. Likitoci suna bincike ta hanyar amfani da firikwensin fiber optic don gano cututtukan da ba su da ƙarfi ta hanyar nazarin kaddarorin hasken da ke tafiya ta cikin kyallen jikin marasa lafiya.

 

Sojoji na amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic don amintattun hanyoyin sadarwa da fasahar ji. Jirage da ababan hawa sukan yi amfani da fiber optics don rage nauyi da tsangwama na lantarki. Fiber optic gyroscopes suna ba da cikakkun bayanan kewayawa don tsarin jagora. Sojoji kuma suna amfani da hasken fiber optic da aka rarraba don sa ido kan manyan wuraren filaye ko gine-gine don duk wani hargitsi da zai iya nuna ayyukan abokan gaba ko lalacewar tsarin. Wasu jiragen yaki da na'urori na zamani sun dogara da fiber optics. 

 

Fitilar fiber optic yana amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic don watsa haske don aikace-aikacen ado kamar hasken yanayi a cikin gidaje ko fitillu a cikin gidajen tarihi. Haske mai haske, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ana iya sarrafa shi zuwa launuka daban-daban, siffofi, da sauran tasiri ta amfani da matattara da ruwan tabarau. Hasken fiber optic shima yana haifar da zafi kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen hasken wuta, yana rage farashin kulawa, kuma yana da tsawon rayuwa.    

 

Kula da lafiyar tsarin yana amfani da firikwensin fiber optic don gano canje-canje ko lalacewa a cikin gine-gine, gadoji, madatsun ruwa, ramuka, da sauran ababen more rayuwa. Na'urori masu auna firikwensin na iya auna girgiza, sautuna, bambancin zafin jiki, da motsin mintuna marasa ganuwa ga masu duba ɗan adam don gano abubuwan da za su yuwu kafin gabaɗayan gazawar. Wannan sa ido na nufin inganta lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar hana rugujewar tsarin bala'i. Fiber optic firikwensin ya dace da wannan aikace-aikacen saboda daidaitattun su, rashin tsangwama, da juriya ga abubuwan muhalli kamar lalata.     

Bayan aikace-aikacen da aka ambata a sama, akwai wasu lokuta masu amfani da yawa waɗanda fiber optics suka yi fice a masana'antu da saitunan daban-daban, kamar:

 

• Cibiyar rarrabawar harabar
• Cibiyar sadarwa ta bayanai
• Cibiyar sadarwa fiber masana'antu
• Fiber zuwa eriya (FTTA)
• Hanyoyin sadarwa na FTTx
• 5G hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya
• Hanyoyin sadarwa
• Cable TV cibiyoyin sadarwa
• da dai sauransu.

 

Idan kuna sha'awar ƙarin, maraba da ziyartar wannan labarin: Aikace-aikacen Kebul na Fiber Optic: Cikakken Jerin & Bayyana (2023)

Fiber Optic Cables vs. Copper Cables 

Fiber optic igiyoyi suna bayarwa amfani mai mahimmanci akan igiyoyin jan ƙarfe na gargajiya don watsa bayanai. Mafi shahararren fa'idodin shine mafi girman bandwidth da sauri sauri. Layukan watsa fiber na gani suna iya ɗaukar bayanai da yawa fiye da igiyoyin jan ƙarfe masu girman iri ɗaya. Kebul na fiber optic guda ɗaya na iya watsa bayanan Terabit da yawa a cikin daƙiƙa guda, wanda ya isa bandwidth don watsa dubban manyan fina-finai a lokaci ɗaya. Wadannan iyawar suna ba da damar fiber optics don biyan buƙatun buƙatun bayanai, murya, da sadarwar bidiyo.

 

Fiber optic igiyoyi kuma suna ba da damar haɗin intanet cikin sauri da saurin saukewa don gidaje da kasuwanci. Yayin da igiyoyin jan ƙarfe ke iyakance zuwa matsakaicin saurin saukewa na kusan Megabits 100 a sakan daya, haɗin fiber na gani zai iya wuce Gigabits 2 a sakan daya don sabis na zama - sau 20 cikin sauri. Fiber optics sun sanya ultrafast broadband damar yin amfani da intanet a yawancin sassan duniya. 

 

Fiber optic igiyoyi sun fi sauƙi, ƙarami, ɗorewa, da juriya fiye da igiyoyin jan ƙarfe. Tsangwama na lantarki ba ya shafe su kuma ba sa buƙatar haɓaka sigina don watsawa ta nisa mai nisa. Har ila yau, hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic suna da rayuwa mai amfani fiye da shekaru 25, fiye da hanyoyin sadarwar tagulla waɗanda ke buƙatar maye gurbin bayan shekaru 10-15. Saboda yanayin da ba su da ƙarfi da kuma rashin ƙonewa, igiyoyin fiber optic suna ba da ƙarancin aminci da haɗarin wuta.

 

Yayin da igiyoyin fiber optic sukan sami ƙarin farashi na gaba, suna ba da tanadi akai-akai a tsawon rayuwar hanyar sadarwar a cikin raguwar kula da kashe kuɗi da aiki tare da ƙarin dogaro. Farashin abubuwan haɗin fiber optic da haɗin kai shima ya ragu sosai a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, yana mai da hanyoyin sadarwar fiber optic zaɓi mai dacewa na kuɗi don manyan buƙatun sadarwa da ƙanana. 

 

A taƙaice, idan aka kwatanta da jan ƙarfe na gargajiya da sauran hanyoyin watsawa, igiyoyin fiber optic suna alfahari da fa'idodin fasaha don saurin sauri, nesa mai nisa da watsa bayanai masu ƙarfi da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi da amfani ga hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa da aikace-aikace. Wadannan manyan halayen sun haifar da maye gurbin kayan aikin tagulla tare da fiber optics a cikin masana'antar fasaha da yawa.  

Shigar da Fiber Optic Cables

Shigar da igiyoyin fiber optic yana buƙatar kulawa da kyau, rarrabawa, haɗawa, da gwaji don rage asarar sigina da tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki. Fiber optic splicing yana haɗuwa da zaruruwa biyu tare ta hanyar narkewa da haɗa su daidai don ci gaba da watsa haske. Ƙwararren injina da ɓangarorin ƙulla hanyoyi guda biyu ne na gama gari, tare da ɓangarorin haɗin gwiwa suna ba da ƙarancin hasarar haske. Hakanan ana amfani da amplifiers na fiber optic akan nisa mai nisa don haɓaka sigina ba tare da buƙatar canza hasken baya zuwa siginar lantarki ba.

 

Fiber optic connectors ana amfani da su don haɗawa da cire haɗin igiyoyi a mahaɗaɗɗe da musaya na kayan aiki. Ingantacciyar shigar masu haɗawa yana da mahimmanci don rage tunani na baya da asarar wuta. Nau'o'in masu haɗin fiber na gani na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ST, SC, LC, da MPO. Hakanan ana shigar da masu watsa fiber optic, masu karɓa, masu sauyawa, masu tacewa, da masu rarrabawa a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic don sarrafa da sarrafa siginar gani.      

 

Tsaro shine muhimmin abin la'akari lokacin shigar da abubuwan haɗin fiber optic. Hasken Laser da ake watsa ta igiyoyin fiber optic na iya haifar da lalacewar ido na dindindin. Dole ne a bi kariyar ido daidai da hanyoyin kulawa da hankali. Dole ne a kiyaye igiyoyi da kyau kuma a kiyaye su don guje wa tangles, kinking, ko karyewa wanda zai iya sa kebul ɗin mara amfani. Kebul na waje suna da ƙarin abin rufe fuska mai jure yanayi amma har yanzu suna buƙatar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun shigarwa don guje wa lalacewar muhalli.

 

Shigar da fiber optic yana buƙatar tsaftacewa sosai, dubawa, da gwada duk abubuwan da aka gyara kafin turawa. Ko da ƙananan kurakurai ko gurɓatawa a kan masu haɗawa, wuraren da aka raba, ko jaket ɗin kebul na iya rushe sigina ko ba da izinin kutsawa abubuwan muhalli. Gwajin hasara na gani da gwajin mita wutar lantarki a duk lokacin aikin shigarwa tabbatar da tsarin zai yi aiki tare da isassun wutar lantarki don nisa da ƙimar bit da ake buƙata.    

 

Shigar da kayan aikin fiber optic yana buƙatar ƙwarewar fasaha da ƙwarewa don kammalawa yadda ya kamata tare da tabbatar da babban abin dogaro da rage girman batutuwan gaba. Yawancin kamfanonin fasaha da masu kwangila na cabling suna ba da sabis na shigarwa na fiber optic don kula da waɗannan ƙalubale da buƙatun fasaha don kafa hanyoyin sadarwar fiber optic duka manya da ƙananan sikelin. Tare da ingantattun dabaru da ƙwarewa, igiyoyin fiber optic na iya ba da cikakkiyar watsa sigina tsawon shekaru da yawa idan an shigar da su daidai. 

Kashe Fiber Optic Cables

Kashe igiyoyin fiber optic ya haɗa da haɗa masu haɗi zuwa igiyoyin kebul don ba da damar haɗin kai tsakanin kayan aikin sadarwar ko tsakanin facin faci. Hanyar ƙarewa na buƙatar daidaito da fasaha mai dacewa don rage hasara da haɓaka aiki ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Matakan gamawa gama gari sun haɗa da:

 

1. Cire jaket ɗin kebul da duk wani ƙarfafawa, yana fallasa madaurin fiber maras tushe. Auna madaidaicin tsayin da ake buƙata kuma sake rufe duk wani zaren da ba a yi amfani da shi ba don gujewa zafi/lalacewa.  
2. Ƙayyade nau'in fiber (singlemode/multimode) da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun girman (SMF-28, OM1, da sauransu). Zaɓi masu haɗin haɗi masu jituwa kamar LC, SC, ST ko MPO waɗanda aka tsara don ko dai singlemode ko multimode. Daidaita masu girma dabam masu haɗe zuwa diamita na fiber. 
3. Tsaftace kuma cire fiber ɗin zuwa madaidaicin tsayin da ake buƙata don nau'in haɗin. Yi yanke a hankali don guje wa lalacewar fiber. Sake tsaftace saman fiber don cire duk wani gurɓataccen abu. 
4. Aiwatar da epoxy ko fiber fili mai gogewa (don MPO-fiber multi-fiber) zuwa ga ƙarshen fuska mai haɗawa ferrule. Kada a ga kumfa na iska. Don masu haɗin haɗin da aka goge, kawai a tsaftace kuma duba fuskar ƙarshen ferrule.
5. A hankali saka fiber ɗin a cikin ferrule mai haɗawa ƙarƙashin ingantaccen haɓakawa. Ferrule dole ne ya goyi bayan ƙarshen fiber a fuskarsa ta ƙarshe. Fiber kada ya fito daga ƙarshen fuska.  
6. Magance sinadarin epoxy ko polishing kamar yadda aka umarce shi. Don epoxy, yawancin suna ɗaukar mintuna 10-15. Ana iya buƙatar maganin zafi ko maganin UV a madadin haka bisa ƙayyadaddun samfur. 
7. Bincika ƙarshen fuska a ƙarƙashin babban haɓaka don tabbatar da fiber yana tsakiya kuma yana ɗan fitowa kaɗan daga ƙarshen ferrule. Don masu haɗin da aka goge, a sauƙaƙe sake duba ƙarshen fuska don kowane gurɓata ko lalacewa kafin saduwa. 
8. Gwada ƙarewar da aka kammala don tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki kafin turawa. Yi amfani da gwajin ci gaba da fiber na gani a ƙarami don tabbatar da watsa sigina ta sabon haɗin. Hakanan ana iya amfani da OTDR don auna asara da gano kowace matsala. 
9. Kula da tsabtataccen tsabta da ayyukan dubawa don ƙarshen fuskoki masu haɗawa bayan jima'i don guje wa asarar sigina ko lalacewar kayan aiki daga gurɓatattun abubuwa. Ya kamata mafuna su kare masu haɗin da ba a haɗa su ba. 

 

Tare da aiki da kayan aiki masu dacewa / kayan aiki, cimma ƙarancin asarar ƙarewa ya zama mai sauri da daidaito. Koyaya, idan aka ba da madaidaicin da ake buƙata, ana ba da shawarar cewa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun fiber sun kammala ƙarewa akan mahimman hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na bandwidth a duk lokacin da zai yiwu don tabbatar da mafi girman aiki da lokacin aiki. Ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa al'amura don haɗin fiber. 

Rarraba Fiber Optic Cables

A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic, splicing yana nufin tsarin haɗa igiyoyin fiber optic biyu ko fiye tare. Wannan fasaha yana ba da damar da watsa siginar gani mara kyau tsakanin igiyoyi, bada izinin fadadawa ko gyara hanyoyin sadarwar fiber optic. Fiber optic splicing ana yawan yin sa yayin haɗa sabbin igiyoyin igiyoyi, tsawaita cibiyoyin sadarwa, ko gyara sassan da suka lalace. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da ingantaccen ingantaccen watsa bayanai.

 

Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na splicing fiber optic igiyoyi:

1. Fusion Spliing:

Fusion splicing ya ƙunshi dindindin haɗin igiyoyin fiber optic guda biyu ta hanyar narkewa da haɗa fuskokin ƙarshensu tare. Wannan dabarar tana buƙatar amfani da fusion splicer, na'ura na musamman wanda ke daidaita daidai da narkar da zaruruwa. Da zarar sun narke, zarurukan suna haɗuwa tare, suna samar da haɗin kai mai ci gaba. Fusion splicing yana ba da ƙarancin sakawa da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci, yana mai da ita hanyar da aka fi so don haɗin kai mai girma.

 

Tsarin splicing fusion yawanci ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

 

• Shiri na Fiber: An cire kayan kariya na zaruruwa, kuma ana tsabtace zaruruwan da ba su da tushe don tabbatar da mafi kyawun yanayi.
• Daidaita Fiber: Fusion splicer yana daidaita zaruruwan ta hanyar daidaita daidai da muryoyinsu, sutura, da sutura.
• Fiber Fusion: Slicer yana haifar da baka na lantarki ko katako na Laser don narke da haɗa zaruruwa tare.
• Kariyar Kariya: Ana amfani da hannun riga ko shinge mai karewa zuwa yankin da aka raba don samar da ƙarfin injina da kuma kare saɓin daga abubuwan muhalli.

2. Gyaran Injiniya:

Gyaran injina ya ƙunshi haɗa igiyoyin fiber optic ta amfani da na'urorin daidaitawa na inji ko masu haɗawa. Ba kamar fusion splicing, inji splicing ba ya narke da fuse zaruruwa tare. Madadin haka, ya dogara da daidaitattun jeri da masu haɗin jiki don kafa ci gaban gani. Ƙwayoyin injina galibi sun dace da gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ko cikin sauri, saboda suna ba da asarar ƙarar ƙara kaɗan kuma maiyuwa ba su da ƙarfi fiye da tsage-tsalle.

 

Tsarin splicing na inji gabaɗaya ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:

 

• Shiri na Fiber: Ana shirya zaruruwan ta hanyar tube kayan kariya da kuma tsage su don samun lebur, fuskokin ƙarshe.
• Daidaita Fiber: Zaɓuɓɓukan suna daidaita daidai da juna kuma ana riƙe su tare ta amfani da na'urorin daidaitawa, saɓin hannun riga, ko masu haɗawa.
• Kariyar Kariya: Hakazalika da fusion splicing, ana amfani da rigar kariya ko shinge don kare yankin da ya rabu daga abubuwan waje.

 

Dukansu fusion splicing da na inji splicing suna da fa'ida da kuma aiki bisa takamaiman bukatun na fiber optic cibiyar sadarwa. Fusion splicing yana ba da haɗin kai na dindindin kuma abin dogaro tare da ƙarancin shigar da asarar, yana mai da shi manufa don shigarwa na dogon lokaci da sadarwa mai sauri. A gefe guda, splicing inji yana ba da mafita mai sauri kuma mafi sassauƙa don haɗin ɗan lokaci ko yanayi inda ake sa ran sauye-sauye ko haɓakawa akai-akai.

 

A taƙaice, raba igiyoyin fiber optic wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don faɗaɗawa, gyarawa, ko haɗa hanyoyin sadarwar fiber na gani. Ko yin amfani da fusion splicing don haɗin kai na dindindin ko na inji don gyare-gyare na wucin gadi, waɗannan hanyoyin suna tabbatar da watsa siginar gani mara kyau, ba da izini don ingantaccen ingantaccen ingantaccen sadarwar bayanai a aikace-aikace daban-daban. 

Cikin Gida vs Wajen Fiber Na gani Cables

1. Menene Indoor fiber optic igiyoyi da yadda yake aiki

Fiber optic igiyoyi na cikin gida an tsara su musamman don amfani a cikin gine-gine ko wuraren da aka killace. Waɗannan igiyoyi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da saurin watsa bayanai da haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwan more rayuwa kamar ofisoshi, cibiyoyin bayanai, da gine-ginen zama. Ga wasu mahimman abubuwan da ya kamata ku yi la'akari yayin tattaunawa game da igiyoyin fiber optic na cikin gida:

 

• Zane da gini: An ƙera igiyoyin fiber optic na cikin gida don zama marasa nauyi, sassauƙa, da sauƙin shigarwa a cikin gida. Yawanci sun ƙunshi tsakiyar tsakiya, sutura, da jaket na waje mai karewa. Jigon, wanda aka yi da gilashi ko filastik, yana ba da damar watsa siginar haske, yayin da cladding yana taimakawa wajen rage asarar sigina ta hanyar nuna haske a baya. Jaket ɗin waje yana ba da kariya daga lalacewar jiki da abubuwan muhalli.
• Nau'in igiyoyin fiber optic na cikin gida: Akwai nau'ikan igiyoyin fiber optic iri-iri na cikin gida da ake samu, gami da igiyoyi masu matsatsi, igiyoyi masu sako-sako, da igiyoyin ribbon. Abubuwan igiyoyi masu tsauri suna da sutura kai tsaye a kan igiyoyin fiber, wanda ya sa su fi dacewa da aikace-aikacen gajeren nesa da shigarwa na cikin gida. Ƙwayoyin igiyoyi masu kwance suna da bututun da aka cika da gel wanda ke tattare da igiyoyin fiber, suna ba da ƙarin kariya ga aikace-aikacen waje da na ciki / waje. Ribbon igiyoyin igiyoyi sun ƙunshi nau'ikan fiber masu yawa da aka jera tare a cikin tsari mai kama da kintinkiri, yana ba da damar ƙididdige yawan fiber a cikin ƙaramin tsari.
• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic na cikin gida don aikace-aikace daban-daban a cikin gine-gine. Ana yawan tura su don cibiyoyin sadarwar gida (LANs) don haɗa kwamfutoci, sabar, da sauran na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa. Suna ba da damar watsa bayanan babban bandwidth, kamar watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo, ƙididdigar girgije, da manyan fayilolin fayiloli, tare da ƙarancin latency. Hakanan ana amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic na cikin gida a cikin tsararren tsarin cabling don tallafawa sadarwa, haɗin intanet, da sabis na murya.
• abũbuwan amfãni: Fiber optic igiyoyi na cikin gida suna ba da fa'idodi da yawa akan igiyoyin jan ƙarfe na gargajiya. Suna da ƙarfin bandwidth mafi girma, yana ba da damar saurin watsa bayanai da haɓaka aikin cibiyar sadarwa. Suna da kariya daga tsangwama na lantarki (EMI) da tsoma bakin mitar rediyo (RFI) tunda suna watsa siginar haske maimakon siginar lantarki. Fiber optic igiyoyi suma sun fi amintacce, saboda suna da wahalar shiga ko shiga ba tare da haifar da hasarar sigina ba.
• La'akari da shigarwa: Dabarun shigarwa masu dacewa suna da mahimmanci don kyakkyawan aiki na igiyoyin fiber optic na cikin gida. Yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da igiyoyi da kulawa don guje wa lankwasawa ko jujjuyawa fiye da radius na lanƙwasa da aka ba su shawarar. An fi son mahalli mai tsabta da mara ƙura yayin shigarwa da kiyayewa, kamar yadda gurɓatawa na iya shafar ingancin sigina. Bugu da ƙari, ingantaccen sarrafa kebul, gami da kewayawa, lakabi, da kiyaye igiyoyin, yana tabbatar da sauƙin kulawa da haɓakawa.

 

Gabaɗaya, igiyoyin fiber optic na cikin gida suna ba da ingantaccen ingantaccen hanyoyin watsa bayanai a cikin gine-gine, suna tallafawa haɓakar buƙatun haɗin kai mai sauri a cikin yanayin zamani.

2. Menene Fiber optic igiyoyi na waje da yadda yake aiki

An tsara igiyoyin fiber na gani na waje don jure matsanancin yanayin muhalli da samar da ingantaccen watsa bayanai a kan dogon nesa. Ana amfani da waɗannan igiyoyi da farko don haɗa ababen more rayuwa na cibiyar sadarwa tsakanin gine-gine, wuraren harabar karatu, ko faɗin wurare masu faɗin ƙasa. Ga wasu mahimman abubuwan da ya kamata ku yi la'akari yayin tattaunawa akan igiyoyin fiber optic na waje:

 

• Gina da kariya: Ana kera igiyoyin fiber optic na waje tare da abubuwa masu ɗorewa da yadudduka masu kariya don tabbatar da juriya ga abubuwan muhalli. Yawanci sun ƙunshi tsakiyar tsakiya, sutura, buffer buffer, membobi masu ƙarfi, da jaket na waje. An yi su ne da gilashi ko filastik don ba da damar watsa siginar haske. Buffer buffer suna kare nau'ikan fiber guda ɗaya kuma ana iya cika su da gel ko kayan toshe ruwa don hana shigar ruwa. Membobin ƙarfi, irin su yarn aramid ko sandunan fiberglass, suna ba da tallafin injina, kuma jaket na waje yana kare kebul daga hasken UV, danshi, canjin zafin jiki, da lalacewar jiki.
• Nau'in igiyoyin fiber optic na waje: Akwai nau'ikan igiyoyi na fiber optic na waje daban-daban don dacewa da buƙatun shigarwa daban-daban. Ana amfani da igiyoyi masu sako-sako da bututu don shigarwa na nesa mai nisa. Suna da nau'ikan fiber guda ɗaya waɗanda aka sanya a cikin bututun buffer don kariya daga danshi da damuwa na inji. Kebul ɗin ribbon, kama da takwarorinsu na cikin gida, sun ƙunshi madaurin fiber da yawa da aka jera su tare a cikin madaidaicin ribbon, yana ba da damar haɓakar fiber mafi girma a cikin ƙaramin tsari. An ƙera igiyoyin iska don sanyawa akan sanduna, yayin da aka tsara igiyoyin binne kai tsaye don binne su a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin hanyar kariya ba.
• Aikace-aikacen shigarwa na waje: Ana amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic na waje a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa mai tsayi, cibiyoyin sadarwa na yanki (MANs), da jigilar fiber-to-the-gida (FTTH). Suna samar da haɗin kai tsakanin gine-gine, cibiyoyin karatu, da cibiyoyin bayanai, kuma ana iya amfani da su don haɗa wuraren da ke nesa ko kafa manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na baya don cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya. Kebul na fiber optic na waje yana ba da damar watsa bayanai mai sauri, watsa bidiyo, da samun damar intanet akan nisa mai nisa.
• La'akari da muhalli: Fiber optic igiyoyi na waje dole ne su yi tsayayya da ƙalubalen muhalli iri-iri. An tsara su don tsayayya da matsanancin zafin jiki, danshi, UV radiation, da sunadarai. An ƙera su musamman don samun kyakkyawan ƙarfi da juriya ga tasiri, ɓarna, da lalacewar rodent. Ana amfani da igiyoyi masu sulke na musamman ko igiyoyin iska tare da wayoyi na manzo a cikin wuraren da ke fuskantar damuwa ta jiki ko inda shigarwa na iya haɗawa da dakatarwar sama daga sanduna.
• Kulawa da gyarawa: Kebul na fiber optic na waje yana buƙatar dubawa na lokaci-lokaci da kulawa don tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki. Tsaftacewa akai-akai da dubawa na masu haɗawa, ɓangarori, da wuraren ƙarewa suna da mahimmanci. Matakan kariya, kamar gwaji na lokaci-lokaci don shigar ruwa da saka idanu don asarar sigina, yakamata a aiwatar da su don gano duk wata matsala mai yuwuwa. A cikin abin da ya faru na lalacewar kebul, ana iya amfani da matakan gyara da suka haɗa da fusion splicing ko na inji don maido da ci gaban fiber na gani.

 

Kebul na fiber optic na waje suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa hanyoyin sadarwa masu ƙarfi da aminci a cikin nesa mai nisa. Ƙarfin su na jure matsanancin yanayi na muhalli da kiyaye amincin sigina ya sa su zama makawa don faɗaɗa haɗin yanar gizo fiye da gine-gine da kuma ɓangarorin waje.

3. Indoor vs Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables: Yadda ake Zaba

Zaɓin nau'in igiyar fiber optic mai dacewa don yanayin shigarwa yana da mahimmanci ga aikin cibiyar sadarwa, aminci da tsawon rayuwa. Muhimman abubuwan la'akari don igiyoyi na cikin gida vs waje sun haɗa da: 

 

• Yanayin shigarwa - An ƙididdige igiyoyi na waje don fallasa yanayin yanayi, hasken rana, danshi, da matsanancin zafin jiki. Suna amfani da kauri, Jaket masu jure UV da gels ko maiko don kariya daga shigar ruwa. Kebul na cikin gida ba sa buƙatar waɗannan kaddarorin kuma suna da sirara, jaket marasa ƙima. Yin amfani da kebul na cikin gida a waje zai lalata kebul da sauri. 
• Ƙimar kayan aiki - Kebul na waje suna amfani da abubuwan da aka ƙididdige su musamman don matsananciyar yanayi kamar membobin ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, yadudduka masu hana ruwa, da masu haɗawa / sassa tare da hatimin gel. Waɗannan abubuwan ba su da amfani don shigarwa na cikin gida da barin su a cikin saitin waje zai rage tsawon rayuwar kebul.  
• Conduit vs binnewa kai tsaye - Kebul na waje da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa na iya tafiya ta hanyar ruwa ko kuma a binne su kai tsaye. Kebul na binne kai tsaye suna da jaket ɗin polyethylene (PE) masu nauyi kuma galibi sun haɗa da saman sulke gabaɗaya don iyakar kariya lokacin da suke hulɗa da ƙasa kai tsaye. Waɗanda aka ƙididdige igiyoyi suna da jaket mafi sauƙi kuma babu sulke tun lokacin da magudanar ke kare kebul ɗin daga lalacewar muhalli. 
• Jirgin sama vs karkashin kasa - igiyoyi da aka ƙera don shigarwa na iska suna da ƙirar ƙira-8 wanda ke tallafawa kai tsaye tsakanin sanduna. Suna buƙatar jaket masu tsayayyar UV, masu ƙima amma babu sulke. Kebul na karkashin kasa suna amfani da zagaye, ƙaramin ƙira kuma galibi sun haɗa da sulke da abubuwan toshe ruwa don shigarwa a cikin ramuka ko ramuka. Kebul na iska ba zai iya jure matsi na shigarwa ta ƙasa ba. 
• Ƙimar wuta - Wasu igiyoyi na cikin gida, musamman waɗanda ke cikin wuraren sarrafa iska, suna buƙatar jaket ɗin da ke jure wuta da kuma marasa guba don guje wa yada wuta ko hayaƙi mai guba a cikin wuta. Waɗannan ƙananan hayaki, sifili-halogen (LSZH) ko mai hana wuta, igiyoyi marasa asbestos (FR-A) suna fitar da hayaki kaɗan kuma babu wani samfur mai haɗari lokacin fallasa wuta. Daidaitaccen kebul na iya fitar da hayaki mai guba, don haka kebul ɗin da aka ƙima da wuta ya fi aminci ga wuraren da za a iya cutar da tarin mutane. 

 

Duba Har ila yau: Cikin Gida vs. Fiber Na gani Cables na Waje: Tushen, Bambance-bambance, da Yadda ake Zaɓa

 

Zaɓin madaidaicin nau'in na USB don yanayin shigarwa yana kiyaye lokacin cibiyar sadarwa da aiki tare da guje wa canji mai tsada na abubuwan da aka zaɓa ba daidai ba. Abubuwan da aka ƙididdigewa a waje suma yawanci suna da farashi mai yawa, don haka iyakance amfaninsu zuwa sassan kebul na waje yana taimakawa haɓaka jimlar kasafin kuɗin hanyar sadarwa. Tare da kebul ɗin da ya dace don kowane saiti na yanayin muhalli, amintattun hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic za a iya tura su duk inda ake buƙata.

Zana hanyar sadarwa ta Fiber Optic

Cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic suna buƙatar ƙira a hankali don zaɓar abubuwan da zasu dace da buƙatun yanzu duk da haka sikelin don haɓaka gaba da samar da juriya ta hanyar sakewa. Mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin ƙirar tsarin fiber sun haɗa da:

 

• Nau'in Fiber: Zaɓi singlemode ko multimode fiber. Yanayin Single don> 10 Gbps, dogon nisa. Multimode don <10 Gbps, gajeriyar gudu. Yi la'akari da OM3, OM4 ko OM5 don multimode fiber da OS2 ko OS1 don singlemode. Zaɓi diamita na fiber waɗanda suka dace da haɗin kai da tashoshin kayan aiki. Shirya nau'ikan fiber a kusa da nesa, bandwidth da buƙatun kasafin kuɗi na asarar. 
• Topology na hanyar sadarwa: Zaɓuɓɓuka na yau da kullun sune aya-zuwa-ma'ana (hanyar kai tsaye), bas (multipoint: raba bayanai cikin kebul tsakanin wuraren ƙarshen), zobe (multipoint: da'irar tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen), itace / reshe (layin kashe-kashe na matsayi), da raga (yawancin hanyoyin haɗin kai) . Zaɓi wani topology bisa buƙatun haɗin kai, hanyoyin da ake da su, da matakin sakewa. Ring and mesh topologies suna ba da mafi ƙarfin juriya tare da hanyoyi masu yawa. 
• Yawan Fiber: Zaɓi ƙididdige ƙimar fiber a cikin kowane gudu na kebul, shinge, panel dangane da buƙatu na yanzu da hasashen bandwidth/girma na gaba. Yana da mafi girma don shigar da mafi girman kirga igiyoyi/bangarori waɗanda kasafin kuɗi ke ba da izini kamar yadda zazzagewar fiber da sakewa suna da rikitarwa idan ana buƙatar ƙarin igiyoyi daga baya. Don mahimman hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, shirin fiber yana ƙidaya kusan sau 2-4 da aka kiyasta buƙatun bandwidth sama da shekaru 10-15.  
• Scalability: Zana kayan aikin fiber tare da buƙatar bandwidth na gaba a hankali. Zaɓi abubuwan da aka haɗa tare da mafi girman ƙarfin fiber wanda yake aiki kuma yana barin ɗaki don faɗaɗawa a cikin shinge, racks, da hanyoyi. Kawai sayan facin faci, kaset da harnesses tare da nau'ikan adaftan da kirga tashar jiragen ruwa da ake buƙata don buƙatun yanzu, amma zaɓi kayan aiki na zamani tare da sarari don ƙarin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da za a ƙara yayin da bandwidth ke girma don guje wa maye gurbin tsada. 
• Ragewa: Haɗe da ƙarin hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo a cikin kayan aikin cabling/fiber inda ba za a iya jure lokacin raguwa ba (asibiti, cibiyar bayanai, mai amfani). Yi amfani da raƙuman raƙuman raɗaɗi, homing biyu (hanyoyi biyu daga rukunin yanar gizo zuwa cibiyar sadarwa), ko faɗin ka'idojin bishiyar akan tsarin zobe na zahiri don toshe hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da ba da damar gazawar atomatik. A madadin, tsara keɓan hanyoyin hanyoyin cabling da hanyoyin don samar da cikakken zaɓin haɗin kai tsakanin maɓalli/ginai masu mahimmanci. 
• Aiwatarwa: Yi aiki tare da ƙwararrun masu ƙira da masu sakawa tare da gogewa a cikin ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwar fiber. Ƙwarewa game da ƙarewa da rarraba igiyoyi na fiber optic, gwajin hanyoyin gwaji, da abubuwan ƙaddamarwa ana buƙatar don cimma kyakkyawan aiki. A sarari rubuta kayan aikin don gudanarwa da dalilai na magance matsala.

 

Don ingantaccen haɗin fiber na dogon lokaci, tsara ƙira mai ƙima da tsarin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya tasowa tare da fasahar sadarwar dijital shine mabuɗin. Yi la'akari da buƙatun na yanzu da na gaba lokacin zabar igiyar fiber optic, haɗin haɗin kai, hanyoyi, da kayan aiki don guje wa gyare-gyare masu tsada ko kwalabe na cibiyar sadarwa kamar yadda buƙatun bandwidth ya karu a tsawon rayuwar kayan aikin. Tare da juriya, ƙirar da aka tabbatar ta gaba wanda aka aiwatar da shi yadda ya kamata ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana'anta, cibiyar sadarwar fiber optic ta zama kadara mai mahimmanci tare da babban koma baya kan saka hannun jari.

Gina Fiber Optic Cables: Mafi Nasiha & Ayyuka

Ga wasu shawarwari don mafi kyawun ayyuka na fiber optic:

 

• Koyaushe bi shawarar lanƙwasa radius na takamaiman nau'in kebul na fiber optic. Lankwasawa fiber sosai na iya lalata gilashin kuma ya karya hanyoyin gani. 
• A kiyaye tsaftar masu haɗin fiber optic da adaftar. Haɗin ƙazanta ko tsinke suna warwatsa haske kuma suna rage ƙarfin sigina. Sau da yawa ana la'akari da dalilin #1 na asarar sigina.
• Yi amfani da ingantaccen samfuran tsaftacewa kawai. Isopropyl barasa da ƙwararrun hanyoyin tsabtace fiber na gani suna da lafiya ga yawancin haɗin fiber lokacin amfani da su yadda ya kamata. Wasu sinadarai na iya lalata filaye da suturar fiber. 
• Kare igiyoyin fiber optic daga tasiri da murkushewa. Zubawa ko tsinke fiber na iya fashe gilashin, karye murfin, ko damfara da karkatar da kebul ɗin, duk yana haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.
• Kula da polarity mai kyau a cikin igiyoyin fiber duplex da kututturen MPO. Yin amfani da polarity mara daidai yana hana watsa haske tsakanin filaye da aka haɗa daidai. Jagoran tsarin A, B da zane-zane masu yawa don haɗin haɗin ku. 
• Lakabi duk igiyoyin fiber optic a fili kuma akai-akai. Tsari kamar "Rack4-PatchPanel12-Port6" yana ba da damar gano sauƙin gano kowane hanyar haɗin fiber. Takaddun ya kamata su dace da takaddun bayanai. 
• Auna asarar kuma gwada duk abin da aka shigar da fiber tare da OTDR. Tabbatar cewa hasara tana a ko ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun masana'anta kafin tafiya kai tsaye. Nemo abubuwan da ba su dace ba da ke nuna lalacewa, maras kyau ko mahaɗa mara kyau waɗanda ke buƙatar gyara. 
• Horar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Fusion splicing yakamata ya daidaita daidai gwargwado na fiber kuma yana da kyakkyawan juzu'i mai ƙwanƙwasa a wuraren da aka raba don mafi kyawun asara. Rashin fasaha yana haifar da hasara mafi girma da rage aikin cibiyar sadarwa. 
• Sarrafa ƙwanƙwasa fiber cikin alhaki ta amfani da raka'o'in rarraba fiber da spools. Fiber ɗin da ya wuce kima cukushe cikin ƙulli yana haifar da masu haɗawa / adaftar kuma yana da wahalar samun dama ko ganowa daga baya don motsawa / ƙara / canje-canje. 
• Takaddun duk abubuwan fiber da aka shigar ciki har da sakamakon gwaji, wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi, nau'ikan haɗin / azuzuwan, da polarity. Takaddun bayanai suna ba da damar sauƙaƙe matsala, kulawa da ingantaccen haɓakawa/gyara zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa. Rashin rikodin sau da yawa yana nufin farawa daga karce. 
• Shiri don fadadawa da haɓaka bandwidth a nan gaba. Shigar da ƙarin igiyoyin fiber fiye da yadda ake buƙata a halin yanzu da yin amfani da magudanar ruwa tare da igiyoyi masu ja-gora / wayoyi masu jagora suna ba da damar haɓaka ingantaccen farashi zuwa saurin hanyar sadarwa / ƙarfin ƙasa kan hanya.

MPO/MTP Fiber Optic Cabling

Ana amfani da masu haɗa MPO/MTP da taro a cikin manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙidaya fiber inda fibers/connectors ke da wahalar sarrafawa, kamar hanyoyin haɗin 100G+ Ethernet da FTTA. Mabuɗin abubuwan MPO sun haɗa da:

1. Gilashin katako

Ya ƙunshi filaye 12 zuwa 72 da aka ƙare akan mahaɗin MPO/MTP ɗaya a kowane ƙarshen. An yi amfani da shi don haɗin kai tsakanin kayan aiki a cibiyoyin bayanai, FTTA tana gudanar da hasumiyai, da wuraren haɗin gwiwar masu ɗaukar kaya. Bada damar yawan fiber mai girma a cikin naúrar pluggable guda ɗaya. 

2. igiyoyin kayan aiki

Samun mai haɗin MPO/MTP guda ɗaya a ƙarshen ɗaya da masu haɗin simplex/duplex masu yawa (LC/SC) a ɗayan. Samar da canji daga Multi-fiber zuwa haɗin fiber na mutum ɗaya. An shigar tsakanin tsarin tushen gangar jikin da kayan aiki tare da masu haɗin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa masu hankali.

3. Kaset

An ɗora su tare da na'urori masu adafta waɗanda ke karɓar MPO/MTP da/ko masu haɗin haɗin simplex/duplex don samar da haɗin giciye na zamani. Cassettes suna hawa a cikin raka'a rarraba fiber, firam, da faci. Ana amfani da shi don haɗin haɗin kai da hanyoyin haɗin kai. Mafi girma yawa fiye da na'urorin adaftar gargajiya.

4. Masu raba gangar jiki

Kasance mai haɗin MPO a ƙarshen shigarwa tare da abubuwan MPO guda biyu don raba kututture mai ƙidayar fiber guda ɗaya zuwa ƙananan kututturen ƙirƙira fiber guda biyu. Misali, shigar da zaruruwa 24 zuwa kashi biyu na filaye 12 kowanne. Bada damar sake saita hanyoyin sadarwa na MPO yadda ya kamata. 

5. MEPPI adaftar kayayyaki

Zamewa cikin kaset da ɗora Kwatancen. Ya ƙunshi adaftar MPO a baya don karɓar haɗin MPO ɗaya ko fiye da adaftan LC/SC da yawa a gaba waɗanda ke raba kowane fiber a cikin hanyoyin MPO. Samar da keɓancewa tsakanin MPO trunking da haɗin LC/SC akan kayan aiki. 

6. La'akarin polarity

MPO/MTP cabling yana buƙatar kiyaye daidaitaccen matsayi na fiber da polarity a fadin tashar don haɗin kai-zuwa-ƙarshe akan ingantattun hanyoyin gani. Akwai nau'ikan polarity guda uku don MPONau'in A - Maɓalli har zuwa maɓalli sama, Nau'in B - Maɓalli zuwa maɓallin ƙasa, da Nau'in C - Filayen jere na tsakiya, filayen layin da ba na tsakiya ba. Daidaitaccen polarity ta hanyar kayan aikin cabling yana da mahimmanci ko kuma sigina ba za su wuce daidai tsakanin kayan aikin da aka haɗa ba.

7. Takardu da lakabi

Saboda yawan ƙidayar fiber da sarƙaƙƙiya, shigarwar MPO suna da babban haɗari na daidaitawar da ba daidai ba wanda ke haifar da matsalolin matsala. Takaddun taka tsantsan na hanyoyin gangar jikin, wuraren ƙarewar kayan aiki, ayyukan ramin kaset, daidaitawar gangar jikin gangar jikin da nau'ikan polarity dole ne a yi rikodin su kamar yadda aka gina don tunani na gaba. Cikakken lakabin yana da mahimmanci. 

Gwajin Fiber Optic Cable

Don tabbatar da shigar da igiyoyin fiber optic kuma suna aiki yadda ya kamata, dole ne a yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa ciki har da gwajin ci gaba, duban fuska, da gwajin hasarar gani. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun tabbatar da cewa zaruruwa ba su da lahani, masu haɗawa suna da inganci, kuma hasarar haske tana cikin matakan karɓuwa don ingantaccen watsa sigina.

 

• Gwajin ci gaba - Yana amfani da mai gano kuskuren gani (VFL) don aika haske mai haske na laser mai gani ta cikin fiber don bincika hutu, lanƙwasa, ko wasu batutuwa. Hasken ja a ƙarshen nisa yana nuna ƙarancin fiber mai ci gaba. 
• Duban-ƙarshen fuska - Yana amfani da binciken microscope na fiber don bincika ƙarshen fuskokin zaruruwa da masu haɗawa don karce, rami, ko gurɓatawa. Ingancin fuskar ƙarshe yana da mahimmanci don rage asarar sakawa da juyowa. Fuskokin ƙarshen fiber dole ne a goge su da kyau, a tsaftace su kuma ba su lalace ba.
• Gwajin asarar gani - Yana auna hasarar haske a cikin decibels (dB) tsakanin zaruruwa da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da ƙasa da matsakaicin izini. Saitin gwajin hasara na gani (OLTS) ya ƙunshi tushen haske da mitar wuta don auna asara. An kayyade matakan hasara bisa dalilai kamar nau'in kebul, tsawon zango, nisa, da ma'aunin cibiyar sadarwa. Asara mai yawa yana rage ƙarfin sigina da bandwidth.

 

Gwajin igiyoyin fiber optic yana buƙatar kayan aiki da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da:

 

• Mai gano kuskuren gani (VFL) - Yana fitar da hasken laser ja mai gani don bincika ci gaban fiber da gano hanyoyin fiber.
• Fiber microscope bincike - Yana haɓakawa da haskaka fuskokin ƙarshen fiber a 200X zuwa 400X don dubawa.
• Saitin gwajin hasara na gani (OLTS) - Ya haɗa da ingantaccen tushen haske da mitar wuta don auna asara a cikin dB tsakanin zaruruwa, masu haɗawa da ɓarna. 
• Kayan tsaftace fiber - Tufafi masu laushi, goge goge, kaushi da swabs don tsabtace zaruruwa da fuskokin ƙarewa da kyau kafin gwaji ko haɗin gwiwa. Gurɓataccen abu shine babban tushen asara da lalacewa. 
• Nasiha gwajin igiyoyi - Gajerun igiyoyin faci don haɗa kayan gwaji zuwa igiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji. Dole ne igiyoyin magana su kasance masu inganci don gujewa tsangwama tare da ma'auni.
• Kayan aikin dubawa na gani - Hasken walƙiya, borescope, madubin dubawa da ake amfani da shi don bincika abubuwan haɗin kebul na fiber da shigarwa don kowane lalacewa ko matsala. 

 

Ana buƙatar gwaji mai ƙarfi na hanyoyin haɗin fiber optic da cibiyoyin sadarwa don kiyaye ingantaccen aiki da bin ka'idodin masana'antu. Gwaji, dubawa da tsaftacewa ya kamata a yi a lokacin shigarwa na farko, lokacin da aka yi canje-canje, ko kuma idan asarar ko bandwidth ya taso. Fiber wanda ya wuce duk gwaje-gwaje zai samar da shekaru masu yawa na sauri, ingantaccen sabis.

Lissafin Kasafin Kuɗi na Haɗin Haɓaka da Zaɓin Kebul

Lokacin zayyana hanyar sadarwa ta fiber optic, yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige adadin asarar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfi don gano haske a ƙarshen karɓa. The link asarar kasafin kudin asusun ga duk attenuation a cikin mahada, ciki har da fiber na USB asarar, connector hasãra, splice asarar, da duk wani bangaren asarar. Jimillar asarar haɗin gwiwa dole ne ta kasance ƙasa da asarar da za a iya jurewa yayin da ake ci gaba da samun isasshen ƙarfin sigina, wanda aka sani da "kasafin kuɗi na wutar lantarki".

 

Ana auna asarar haɗin kai a cikin decibels a kowace kilomita (dB/km) don ƙayyadaddun fiber da tsayin igiyoyin haske da aka yi amfani da su. Mahimman ƙimar hasara don nau'in fiber gama gari da nau'in tsayin raƙuman ruwa sune: 

 

• Single-yanayin (SM) fiber @ 1310 nm - 0.32-0.4 dB/km      
• Single-yanayin (SM) fiber @ 1550 nm - 0.25 dB/km 
• Multi-yanayin (MM) fiber @ 850 nm - 2.5-3.5 dB/km 

 

Haɗin haɗi da asarar splice ƙayyadaddun ƙima ce ga duk hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, a kusa da -0.5 dB ta kowane nau'in haɗin da aka haɗa ko haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Adadin masu haɗawa ya dogara da tsayin hanyar haɗin yanar gizo saboda tsayin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na iya buƙatar haɗawa da sassa da yawa na fiber.  

 

Kasafin kuɗin haɗin wutar lantarki dole ne ya lissafta kewayon wutar lantarki da mai aikawa da mai karɓa, gefen aminci na wutar lantarki, da duk wani ƙarin asara daga igiyoyin faci, masu hana fiber, ko abubuwan da ke aiki. Dole ne a sami isassun ƙarfin watsawa da azancin mai karɓa don hanyar haɗin gwiwa don yin aiki yadda ya kamata tare da wani gefen aminci, yawanci kusan kashi 10% na jimlar kasafin kuɗi.

 

Dangane da kasafin kuɗi na asarar haɗin haɗin gwiwa da buƙatun wutar lantarki, dole ne a zaɓi nau'in fiber da ya dace da mai watsawa / mai karɓa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da fiber-mode fiber don nisa mai nisa ko babban bandwidth saboda ƙananan asararsa, yayin da yanayin multimode zai iya aiki don guntun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa lokacin da ƙananan farashi shine fifiko. Maɓuɓɓugan haske da masu karɓa za su ƙididdige madaidaicin girman ainihin fiber da tsayin igiyar ruwa. 

 

Kebul na waje kuma suna da ƙayyadaddun asara mafi girma, don haka dole ne a daidaita kasafin kuɗin hanyar haɗin gwiwa don rama lokacin amfani da sassan kebul na waje. Zaɓi ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki masu aiki da masu haɗin kai don gujewa danshi da lalacewar yanayi a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin. 

 

Hanyoyin haɗin fiber na gani za su iya tallafawa iyakataccen adadin asara yayin da har yanzu suna ba da isasshen ƙarfi don watsa siginar da za a iya karantawa zuwa mai karɓa. Ta hanyar ƙididdige yawan asarar haɗin haɗin gwiwa daga duk abubuwan haɓakawa da zabar abubuwan da aka haɗa tare da ƙimar hasara masu dacewa, ingantaccen kuma amintaccen hanyoyin sadarwar fiber na gani za a iya tsarawa da tura su. Asara fiye da kasafin kuɗi na wutar lantarki zai haifar da lalata sigina, kurakurai kaɗan ko cikakkiyar gazawar hanyar haɗin gwiwa. 

Matsayin Masana'antar Fiber Optic 

Matsayin fasahar fiber optic Ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun haɓaka kuma suna kula da su, ciki har da:

1. Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Sadarwa (TIA)

Ƙirƙirar ma'auni don samfuran haɗin kai kamar igiyoyin fiber optic, masu haɗawa, splices, da kayan gwaji. Ma'aunin TIA sun ƙayyade aiki, amintacce da buƙatun aminci. Mahimman matakan fiber sun haɗa da TIA-492, TIA-568, TIA-606 da TIA-942.

 

• TA-568 - Ma'auni na Gine-ginen Sadarwa na Kasuwanci daga TIA ya ƙunshi gwaji da buƙatun shigarwa don tagulla da igiyar fiber a cikin mahallin kasuwanci. TIA-568 yana ƙayyade nau'in cabling, nisa, aiki da polarity don hanyoyin haɗin fiber. Ma'anar ISO/IEC 11801 Standard.
• TIA-604-5-D - Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standard (FOCIS) yana ƙayyadad da lissafin mahaɗan MPO, ma'auni na jiki, sigogin aiki don cimma ma'amala tsakanin tushe da cabling. FOCIS-10 nassoshi 12-fiber MPO da FOCIS-5 nassoshi 24-fiber MPO masu haɗawa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin 40/100G daidaitattun na'urorin gani da tsarin tsarin MPO.

2. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Haɓaka ka'idodin fiber optic na duniya da aka mayar da hankali kan aiki, amintacce, aminci, da gwaji. IEC 60794 da IEC 61280 suna rufe kebul na fiber na gani da ƙayyadaddun mahaɗa.

 

• ISO / IEC 11801 - Kebul na duniya gabaɗaya don ma'auni na wuraren abokin ciniki. Yana bayyana ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ayyuka don nau'ikan fiber iri-iri (OM1 zuwa OM5 multimode, OS1 zuwa OS2 yanayin guda ɗaya). Bayani dalla-dalla a cikin 11801 an karbe su a duniya kuma TIA-568 ta yi nuni.
• IEC 61753-1 - Na'urorin haɗin haɗin fiber na gani da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin aiki. Yana ƙayyadaddun gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin gwaji don kimanta aikin gani na masu haɗin fiber, adaftan, masu karewa da sauran haɗin kai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin haɗin fiber. Ana magana ta Telcordia GR-20-CORE da ka'idojin cabling.

3. Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya (ITU)

Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke kafa ka'idojin fasahar sadarwa, gami da fiber optics. ITU-T G.651-G.657 yana ba da ƙayyadaddun bayanai don nau'ikan fiber guda ɗaya da halaye.

  

4. Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE)

Bayar da ka'idoji don fasahar fiber optic masu alaƙa da cibiyoyin bayanai, kayan aikin sadarwar, da tsarin sufuri. IEEE 802.3 yana bayyana ma'auni don cibiyoyin sadarwar fiber optic.

 

• IEEE 802.3 - Matsayin Ethernet daga IEEE wanda ke yin amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic da musaya. Ƙididdigar kafofin watsa labaru na fiber don 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LRM, 10GBASE-LR, 40GBASE-SR4, 100GBASE-SR10 da 100GBASE-LR4 an tsara su bisa OM3, OM4 da OS2 fiber iri. Haɗin MPO/MTP da aka ƙayyade don wasu kafofin watsa labarai na fiber. 

5. Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Lantarki (EIA)

Yana aiki tare da TIA don haɓaka ƙa'idodi don samfuran haɗin kai, tare da EIA-455 da EIA/TIA-598 suna mai da hankali kan masu haɗin fiber na gani da ƙasa. 

6. Telcordia / Bellcore

Yana ƙirƙira ƙa'idodi don kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, kebul ɗin shuka a waje da filayen filaye na ofis a cikin Amurka. GR-20 yana ba da ka'idodin aminci don igiyoyin fiber optic. 

 

• Telcordia GR-20-CORE Telcordia (tsohon Bellcore) daidaitattun buƙatun ƙayyadaddun buƙatun don igiyoyin fiber optic da aka yi amfani da su a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa, ofisoshin tsakiya da kuma masana'antar waje. Nassoshi TIA da ka'idojin ISO/IEC amma sun haɗa da ƙarin cancanta don kewayon zafin jiki, tsawon rai, faɗuwar ginin kebul da gwajin aiki. Yana ba da masana'antun kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa da masu ɗaukar hoto tare da jagororin gama gari don ingantaccen abin dogaro da kayan aikin fiber.

7. Rubutun Rubutun

• Bayanan Bayani na RUS1715E-810 - Fatsewar Expictiction Dangane da sabis na Utular na Ruser (Rus) don ƙira, shigarwa da gwajin tabarau na fiber. Dangane da ƙa'idodin masana'antu amma ya haɗa da ƙarin buƙatu a kusa da keɓance mahalli, kayan hawan kaya, lakabin, haɗin gwiwa / ƙasa don mahallin cibiyar sadarwa mai amfani.

 

Ma'auni suna da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin sadarwar fiber optic saboda dalilai da yawa: 

 

• Interoperability - Abubuwan da suka dace da ma'auni iri ɗaya na iya aiki tare masu jituwa, ba tare da la'akari da masana'anta ba. Ka'idoji suna tabbatar da masu watsawa, igiyoyi, da masu karɓa za su yi aiki azaman tsarin haɗin gwiwa.
• aMINCI - Ka'idoji sun ƙayyade ƙa'idodin aiki, hanyoyin gwaji da abubuwan aminci don samar da matakin dogaro ga cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Dole ne samfuran su hadu da mafi ƙarancin radius na lanƙwasa, ja tashin hankali, kewayon zafin jiki da sauran ƙayyadaddun bayanai don zama masu dacewa da ƙa'idodi. 
• Quality - Masu sana'a dole ne su bi ƙira, kayan aiki, da ƙa'idodin masana'anta don ƙirƙirar samfuran da suka dace. Wannan yana haifar da mafi girma, mafi daidaito ingancin samfuran fiber optic. 
• Support - Kayan aiki da hanyoyin sadarwar da suka dogara da ka'idodin da aka amince da su sosai za su sami mafi kyawun tallafi na dogon lokaci da samun abubuwan maye masu dacewa. Fasaha ta mallakar mallaka ko wacce ba ta dace ba na iya zama tsohuwa.

 

Kamar yadda hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic da fasaha ke ci gaba da haɓaka a duniya, ƙa'idodi suna nufin haɓaka haɓaka ta hanyar haɗin kai, haɓaka inganci, aminci da tallafin rayuwa. Don manyan ayyuka masu mahimmanci hanyoyin sadarwa, abubuwan haɗin fiber na gani na tushen ma'auni suna da mahimmanci. 

Zaɓuɓɓukan Ragewa don hanyoyin sadarwa na Fiber Optic 

Don cibiyoyin sadarwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke buƙatar mafi girman lokacin aiki, sakewa yana da mahimmanci. Zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don haɗa redundancy cikin hanyoyin sadarwar fiber optic sun haɗa da:

 

1. Zoben hanyar sadarwa na warkar da kai - Haɗa nodes na cibiyar sadarwa a cikin topology na zobe tare da hanyoyin fiber masu zaman kansu guda biyu tsakanin kowane kumburi. Idan hanyar fiber ɗaya ta yanke ko ta lalace, zirga-zirgar zirga-zirga ta atomatik za ta sake bi ta gaba ta gefen zoben. Mafi na kowa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na metro da cibiyoyin bayanai. 
2. Mesh topologies - Kowane kullin hanyar sadarwa yana haɗe zuwa ƙofofin kewaye da yawa, ƙirƙirar hanyoyin haɗin kai. Idan kowace hanya ta gaza, zirga-zirga na iya sake bi ta wasu nodes. Mafi kyau ga cibiyoyin sadarwa na harabar inda buƙatun ƙarancin lokaci ya yi yawa. 
3. Hanyar hanya daban-daban - Firamare da zirga-zirgar bayanan bayanan baya sun ratsa ta hanyoyi biyu daban-daban na zahiri daga tushe zuwa makoma. Idan hanyar farko ta gaza, zirga-zirgar zirga-zirga tana canzawa da sauri zuwa hanyar madadin. Ana amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban, hanyoyin cabling har ma da hanyoyin ƙasa don matsakaicin sakewa. 
4. Kwafin kayan aiki - Mahimman kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa kamar masu sauyawa da masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa ana tura su a layi daya tare da daidaitawar madubi. Idan na'ura ɗaya ta gaza ko tana buƙatar kulawa, naúrar kwafi zata karɓi aiki nan da nan. Yana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu da sarrafa sanyi a hankali. 
5. Bambancin hanyar fiber - Inda zai yiwu, fiber optic cabling don firamare da hanyoyin dawo da baya suna bin hanyoyin kebul ɗin da aka raba tsakanin wurare. Wannan yana ba da kariya daga faɗuwa guda ɗaya ta kowace hanya ɗaya saboda lalacewa ko matsalolin muhalli. Ana amfani da wurare daban-daban na shiga cikin gine-gine da hanyar sadarwa ta kebul a sassa daban-daban na harabar. 
6. Kwafi na transponder - Don cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber da ke rufe nesa mai nisa, ana sanya masu haɓakawa ko masu haɓakawa kusan kowane kilomita 50-100 don kiyaye ƙarfin sigina. Matsaloli masu yawa (kariya 1+1) ko hanyoyin layi ɗaya tare da masu yin transponder daban-daban akan kowace hanya suna amintar da hanyar haɗin gwiwa daga gazawar amplifier wanda in ba haka ba zai yanke zirga-zirga. 

 

Tare da kowane ƙira na sakewa, gazawar atomatik zuwa abubuwan da aka gyara yana da mahimmanci don dawo da sabis cikin sauri a cikin yanayin kuskure. Software na sarrafa hanyar sadarwa yana sa ido sosai akan hanyoyin farko da kayan aiki, yana haifar da kayan aiki nan take idan an gano gazawa. Redundancy yana buƙatar ƙarin saka hannun jari amma yana ba da matsakaicin lokacin aiki da juriya don mahimman hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic masu jigilar murya, bayanai, da bidiyo. 

 

Ga mafi yawan cibiyoyin sadarwa, haɗin dabarun da ba su da yawa suna aiki da kyau. Zoben fiber na iya samun haɗin ragamar kashe shi, tare da na'urori masu amfani da kwafi da masu kunna wutar lantarki daban-daban. Transponders na iya ba da sakewa don doguwar hanyar haɗi tsakanin birane. Tare da cikakkiyar sakewa a wuraren dabarun sadarwa a cikin hanyar sadarwa, an inganta amincin gabaɗaya da lokacin aiki don biyan ma buƙatu masu buƙata. 

Kiyasin Kuɗi don Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Fiber Optic 

Yayin da hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic suna buƙatar saka hannun jari mafi girma fiye da igiyoyin jan ƙarfe, fiber yana ba da ƙima na dogon lokaci ta hanyar babban aiki, aminci da tsawon rayuwa. Farashin hanyoyin sadarwar fiber optic sun haɗa da:

 

• Kudin kayan aiki - Abubuwan igiyoyi, masu haɗawa, shingen shinge, kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa da abubuwan haɗin da ake buƙata don cibiyar sadarwar fiber optic. Kebul na fiber optic ya fi tagulla tsada kowace ƙafa fiye da tagulla, kama daga $0.15 zuwa sama da $5 kowace ƙafa dangane da nau'in. Patch panels, switches, da na'urorin da aka ƙera don fiber suma yawanci sau 2-3 ne na farashin kwatankwacin jan karfe. 
• Kudin girkawa - Ma'aikata da sabis don shigar da kayan aikin igiyar fiber optic ciki har da jan igiya, tsagawa, ƙarewa, gwaji da matsala. Farashin shigarwa ya tashi daga $150-500 a kowane ƙarewar fiber, $750-$2000 a kowane splice na USB, da $15,000 kowace mil don shigarwa na kebul na waje. Rukunin hanyoyin sadarwa a wuraren cunkoso ko na'urorin iska suna ƙara farashi. 
• Kudin ci gaba - Kudaden kuɗi don aiki, sarrafawa da kula da hanyar sadarwa ta fiber optic ciki har da ikon amfani, buƙatun sanyaya don kayan aiki mai aiki, hayar dama ta hanya, da farashi don tsarin kulawa / gudanarwa na cibiyar sadarwa. Kwangilar gyare-gyare na shekara-shekara don tallafawa mahimman abubuwan more rayuwa sun bambanta daga 10-15% na farashin kayan aikin farko. 

 

Duk da yake farashin kayan aiki da shigarwa na fiber sun fi girma, tsarin rayuwar tsarin fiber na gani yana da tsayi sosai. Kebul na fiber optic na iya aiki na tsawon shekaru 25-40 ba tare da maye gurbinsa ba fiye da shekaru 10-15 don jan ƙarfe, kuma yana buƙatar ƙarancin kulawa gabaɗaya. Bandwidth shima yana buƙatar ninki biyu a kowace shekara 2-3, ma'ana duk wata hanyar sadarwa ta jan ƙarfe zata buƙaci cikakken maye don haɓaka iya aiki a cikin tsarin rayuwarta mai amfani. 

 

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana ba da kwatancen farashi don nau'ikan cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic daban-daban:

 

Nau'in hanyar sadarwa	Kudin kayan aiki/Ft	Kudin Shigarwa/Ft	Rayuwar da ake tsammani
Single-yanayin OS2	$ 0.50- $ 2	$5	25-40 shekaru
OM3 Multi-mode	$ 0.15- $ 0.75	$ 1- $ 3	10-15 shekaru
OS2 w/ 12-strand fibers	$ 1.50- $ 5	$ 10- $ 20	25-40 shekaru
M cibiyar sadarwa	2-3x misali	2-3x misali	25-40 shekaru

 

Yayin da tsarin fiber optic yana buƙatar babban babban jari na farko, fa'idodin dogon lokaci a cikin aiki, kwanciyar hankali da ƙimar farashi suna sanya fiber mafi kyawun zaɓi ga ƙungiyoyi masu neman shekaru 10-20 gaba. Don haɗin kai-hujja na gaba, matsakaicin lokaci, da kuma guje wa farkon tsufa, fiber optics yana nuna ƙananan farashin mallakar mallaka da babban dawowa kan zuba jari yayin da cibiyoyin sadarwa ke haɓaka cikin sauri da ƙarfi a kan lokaci.

Makomar Fiber Optic Cables 

Fasahar fiber optic tana ci gaba da ci gaba cikin sauri, tana ba da damar sabbin abubuwa da aikace-aikace. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu sun haɗa da faɗaɗa hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya ta 5G, yawan amfani da fiber zuwa haɗin gida (FTTH), da haɓaka kayan aikin cibiyar bayanai. Wadannan dabi'un sun dogara da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic masu girma, masu ƙarfi kuma za su fitar da ƙarin haɓakawa a cikin abubuwan haɗin fiber na gani da kayayyaki don saduwa da haɓaka buƙatun bandwidth.

 

Sabbin masu haɗin fiber optic, masu sauyawa, masu watsawa, da masu karɓa ana haɓaka su don ɗaukar mafi girman ƙimar bayanai da haɓakar haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Ana inganta na'urorin haɓakawa na gani da madadin hanyoyin laser don haɓaka sigina akan nisa mai tsayi ba tare da masu maimaitawa ba. Ƙunƙarar zaruruwa da filaye masu yawa a cikin kebul ɗaya za su ƙara yawan bandwidth da ƙarfin bayanai. Ci gaba a cikin fiber optic splicing, gwaji, da dabarun tsaftacewa suna nufin ƙara rage asarar sigina don ƙarin ingantaccen aiki.  

 

Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su a nan gaba na fasahar fiber optic suna da ban sha'awa da bambanta. Haɗaɗɗen firikwensin fiber optic na iya ba da damar ci gaba da sa ido kan lafiya, daidaitaccen kewayawa, da sarrafa gida mai wayo. Fasahar Li-Fi tana amfani da haske daga fiber optics da LEDs don watsa bayanai ba tare da waya ba cikin sauri mai girma. Sabbin na'urorin likitanci na iya amfani da fiber optics don isa ga wuraren da ke da wuyar isa a cikin jiki ko tada jijiyoyi da kyallen takarda. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kuma na iya yin amfani da hanyoyin haɗin fiber optic tsakanin nodes.

 

Motocin tuƙi da kansu na iya amfani da gyroscopes na fiber optic da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don kewaya hanyoyi. Ci gaba a cikin fasahar Laser fiber na iya haɓaka fasahohin masana'antu daban-daban kamar yankan, walda, yin alama da makaman Laser. Fasahar da za a iya sawa da tsarin gaskiya / haɓakawa na iya haɗawa da nunin fiber optic da na'urorin shigar da bayanai don cikakkiyar ƙwarewa. A taƙaice, ƙarfin fiber optic yana taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa ƙirƙira a kusan kowane fanni na fasaha.

 

Kamar yadda hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic ke ƙara haɗawa da haɗa su cikin abubuwan more rayuwa a duk duniya, damar nan gaba duka suna canzawa kuma kusan marasa iyaka. Ci gaba da haɓakawa a cikin farashi, inganci, da iyawa zai ba da damar fasahar fiber optic don ci gaba da haɓaka sauye-sauye da haɓaka rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu tasowa da masu tasowa a duk faɗin duniya. Cikakkar damar fiber optics har yanzu ba a cimma nasara ba.

Hankali daga Masana

Tattaunawa tare da ƙwararrun masanan fiber optic suna ba da ɗimbin ilimi game da yanayin fasaha, ayyukan gama-gari da darussan da aka koya daga gogewar shekaru. Tambayoyi masu zuwa suna ba da shawara ga waɗanda sababbi ga masana'antu da kuma masu sarrafa fasahar ke tsara tsarin haɗin bayanai. 

 

Tattaunawa da John Smith, RCDD, Babban Mashawarci, Corning

 

Tambaya: Wadanne hanyoyin fasaha ne ke tasiri hanyoyin sadarwar fiber?

A: Muna ganin karuwar bukatar fiber a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai, kayan aikin mara waya da birane masu wayo. Girman bandwidth tare da 5G, IoT da 4K / 8K bidiyo yana haifar da ƙara yawan aikin fiber ... 

 

Tambaya: Wadanne kurakurai kuke yawan gani?

A: Rashin gani a cikin takaddun cibiyar sadarwa lamari ne na gama gari. Rashin yin lakabi da kyau da bin diddigin facin fiber, haɗin haɗin kai da wuraren ƙarewa yana sa motsawa / ƙara / canza cin lokaci da haɗari ...  

 

Tambaya: Wadanne shawarwari za ku bayar ga sababbin masu shigowa masana'antar?

A: Mai da hankali kan ci gaba da koyo. Sami takaddun shaida sama da matakin shigarwa don haɓaka ƙwarewar ku. Yi ƙoƙarin samun kwarewa a cikin ciki da kuma waje na shuka fiber turawa ... Ƙarfafawar sadarwa da ƙwarewar takardun shaida suna da mahimmanci ga aikin fasaha. Yi la'akari da ƙwararrun cibiyar bayanai da telco/mai ba da sabis don samar da ƙarin damar aiki...

 

Tambaya: Wadanne ayyuka mafi kyau ya kamata duk masu fasaha su bi?

A: Bi ka'idodin masana'antu don duk hanyoyin shigarwa da gwaji. Kula da ingantattun ayyukan aminci. Yi lakabi da rubuta aikinku a hankali a kowane mataki. Yi amfani da kayan aiki masu inganci da kayan gwaji masu dacewa da aikin. Tsabtace igiyoyin fiber da masu haɗin kai da tsafta-har ma ƙananan gurɓatacce suna haifar da manyan matsaloli. Yi la'akari da buƙatun na yanzu da kuma haɓakawa na gaba yayin zayyana tsarin ...

Kammalawa

Fiber optic cabling yana ba da tushe na zahiri don watsa bayanai mai sauri wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka haɗin gwiwar duniyarmu. Ci gaba a cikin fiber na gani da fasaha na kayan aiki sun haɓaka bandwidth da haɓakawa yayin da suke rage farashi, suna ba da damar aiwatar da mafi girma a cikin dogon zangon sadarwa, cibiyar bayanai da cibiyoyin sadarwar birni masu wayo.  

  

Wannan hanya ta yi niyya don ilimantar da masu karatu kan mahimman abubuwan haɗin fiber optic daga mahimman ra'ayoyi zuwa ayyukan shigarwa da abubuwan da ke gaba. Ta hanyar bayanin yadda fiber na gani ke aiki, ma'auni da nau'ikan samuwa, da kuma mashahuran jeri na kebul, waɗanda sababbi a fagen za su iya fahimtar zaɓuɓɓuka don buƙatun sadarwar daban-daban. Tattaunawa akan ƙarewa, rarrabawa da ƙirar hanya suna ba da la'akari mai amfani don aiwatarwa da gudanarwa.  

 

Hanyoyi na masana'antu suna ba da haske game da aikace-aikacen fiber na gaggawa don mara waya ta 5G, IoT da bidiyo tare da ƙwarewa da dabaru don haɓaka aikinku. Duk da yake cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic suna buƙatar ilimin fasaha mai mahimmanci da daidaito don ƙira da turawa, ladan samun saurin samun ƙarin bayanai a kan nesa mai nisa yana tabbatar da fiber kawai zai ci gaba da girma cikin mahimmanci.

 

Don cimma ingantaccen aikin hanyar sadarwa na fiber yana buƙatar zaɓin abubuwan da suka dace da bandwidth ɗinku da buƙatun nesa, shigarwa tare da kulawa don guje wa asarar sigina ko lalacewa, tattara kayan aikin gabaɗaya, da tsara gaba don haɓaka ƙarfin aiki da sabbin ka'idojin cabling. Koyaya, ga waɗanda ke da haƙuri da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sa, aikin da aka mai da hankali kan haɗin fiber optic na iya ɗaukar ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa, ƙirar samfuri ko horar da sabbin ƙwarewa a cikin masana'antu masu haɓaka. 

  

A taƙaice, zaɓi mafita na igiyoyi na fiber optic wanda ya dace da hanyar sadarwar ku da buƙatun fasaha. Shigar, sarrafa, da kuma daidaita hanyoyin haɗin fiber ɗin ku yadda ya kamata don samun fa'idodi masu mahimmanci tare da ƙarancin rushewa. Ci gaba da koyo game da sabbin fasahohi da aikace-aikace don gina dabarun ƙima. Fiber yana ƙarfafa makomarmu, yana ba da damar musayar bayanai nan take tsakanin ƙarin mutane, wurare da abubuwa fiye da kowane lokaci. Don isar da bayanai cikin sauri a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na duniya, fiber yana mulki a yanzu da shekaru masu zuwa.