Kafin siyan ƙwararren mai watsa shirye-shiryen FM, zaku iya ganin sigogi masu rikitarwa da yawa a cikin babban jerin masu watsawa. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sigogi ana kiransa SNR. Don haka menene SNR kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci? Menene SNR ke nufi ga masu watsa shirye-shirye? Abubuwan da ke gaba zasu iya ba ku wasu bayanai masu amfani. Ci gaba da bincike!

Content

• Menene Siginar Ƙirar Hayaniya? Me Yasa Yana Da Muhimmanci?
• Misalin Sigina zuwa Rabo amo
• Kammalawa
• Tambayoyin da

Menene Siginar Ƙirar Hayaniya? Me Yasa Yana Da Muhimmanci?

SNR ko S/N shine takaitaccen rabon sigina-zuwa amo. A matsayin ma'auni, ana amfani da shi sosai a fagagen kimiyya da injiniyanci. A cikin sadarwa mara waya, SRN tana nufin auna decibels (dB), wanda kuma sigina ne. Kwatancen lamba na matakin wutar lantarki da matakin ƙarfin amo.

Lokacin da ƙimar SNR na ƙwararrun watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen ya fi girma, yana nufin cewa mai watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen ya fi inganci. Me yasa? Saboda girman ƙimar SNR mai watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye, wato, mafi girman rabon matakin ƙarfin siginar zuwa matakin ƙarfin amo, yana nufin cewa mai watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen ku zai sami ƙarin bayani mai amfani maimakon ƙarin amo. Lokacin da rabon SNR Lokacin da ya fi 0 dB ko sama da 1:1, yana nufin cewa akwai sigina fiye da amo. Akasin haka, lokacin da SNR ya kasance ƙasa da 1: 1, yana nufin cewa akwai ƙarin hayaniya fiye da hayaniya.

Hakanan zaka iya samun ƙayyadaddun SNR a cikin samfuran sarrafa sauti da yawa, gami da lasifika, wayoyi (marasa waya ko wasu), belun kunne, microphones, amplifiers, masu karɓa, masu juyawa, rediyo, CD/DVD/'yan wasan kafofin watsa labarai, katunan sauti na PC, Wayoyin hannu, Allunan, da dai sauransu Duk da haka, ba duk masana'antun sun san wannan darajar a fili ba.

Haƙiƙanin amo yawanci ana siffanta shi da fari ko na lantarki ko a tsaye ko ƙarami ko rawar jiki. Ƙara ƙarar lasifikar ba tare da wasa ba; idan ka ji hushi, hayaniya ce, wacce galibi ake kiranta da “bankin hayaniya”. Kamar firji a cikin yanayin da aka kwatanta a baya, hayaniyar baya koyaushe tana wanzuwa.

Muddin siginar mai shigowa yana da ƙarfi kuma ya fi girma fiye da bene na amo, sautin zai kula da inganci mai kyau, wanda shine mafi kyawun siginar-zuwa amo don samun ingantaccen sauti mai tsabta.

Yanzu ɗauka cewa siginar da ake so shine mahimman bayanai tare da ƙunƙun hakori ko kunkuntar kuskure, kuma akwai wasu sigina waɗanda ke tsoma baki tare da siginar da kuke so. Hakazalika, yana sa aikin mai karɓa ya ɓata siginar da ake buƙata cikin tsananin ƙalubale. A takaice, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don samun babban sigina-zuwa amo. Bugu da ƙari, a wasu lokuta, wannan na iya nufin bambance-bambance a cikin aikin kayan aiki, kuma a kowane hali, zai shafi aikin tsakanin mai aikawa da mai karɓa.

A cikin fasaha mara waya, mabuɗin aikin na'urar shine cewa na'urar zata iya bambanta siginar aikace-aikacen azaman bayanin doka daga kowane hayaniya ko sigina akan bakan. Wannan yana taƙaita ma'anar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun SNR da aka yi amfani da su don saitin. Bugu da ƙari, ƙa'idodin da nake magana akai kuma suna tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin mara waya.

Misalin Sigina zuwa Rabo amo

Ko da yake akwai hanyoyi da yawa don auna ƙarfin aikin masu karɓar rediyo, ƙimar S/N ko SNR na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin kai tsaye, kuma ana amfani da shi a aikace-aikace daban-daban.

Hakanan ana amfani da manufar sigina-zuwa amo a wasu fagage da yawa, gami da tsarin sauti da sauran filayen ƙirar da'ira da yawa.

Matsakaicin siginar-zuwa amo na sigina a cikin tsarin yana da sauƙin fahimta, don haka an yi amfani da shi sosai a fagage da yawa.

Duk da haka, yana da iyaka da yawa. Ko da yake ana amfani da shi sosai, ana amfani da wasu hanyoyin da suka haɗa da ƙididdige surutu. Koyaya, ƙimar S/N ko SNR muhimmin ƙayyadaddun bayanai ne kuma ana amfani dashi ko'ina don auna aikin ƙirar da'irar RF da yawa, musamman hankalin masu karɓar rediyo.

Bambanci yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman rabon sigina zuwa amo S/N, yawanci ana bayyana shi a cikin decibels. Tunda matakin shigar da siginar a fili yana da tasiri akan wannan rabo, dole ne a ba da matakin shigar da siginar. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana wannan a cikin microvolts. Ƙayyadaddun matakin shigarwa da ake buƙata don samar da sigina-zuwa-amo rabo na 10 dB yawanci ana ƙayyade.

Idan siginar ta faru da rauni, ƙila ka yi tunanin cewa ana buƙatar ƙara ƙara don ƙara fitarwa. Abin baƙin ciki, daidaita ƙarar sama da ƙasa zai shafi bene amo da sigina. Kiɗa na iya ƙara ƙara, amma yuwuwar hayaniyar kuma zata ƙara ƙara. Kuna buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin siginar tushen kawai don cimma tasirin da ake so. Wasu na'urori suna da kayan masarufi ko software da aka ƙera don haɓaka ƙimar sigina-zuwa amo.

Abin takaici, duk abubuwan da aka gyara, har ma da igiyoyi, suna ƙara takamaiman matakin ƙara zuwa siginar mai jiwuwa. An tsara mafi kyawun abubuwan da aka tsara don kiyaye sautin amo kamar yadda zai yiwu don ƙara girman rabo. Matsakaicin siginar-zuwa amo na na'urorin analog kamar na'urori masu ƙarfi da na'urori masu juyawa yawanci ƙasa da na na'urorin dijital.

Don tsarin mara waya, ingancin sautinku ya dogara ne akan samun mafi girman rabon sigina-zuwa amo. Don cimma babban SBR, muna buƙatar sanin dalilin da nau'in amo da ake tambaya. "Amo" yana nufin kowane nau'in tsangwama na sigina a cikin sararin samaniya- sautunan da ba'a so, a tsaye, ko ma wasu mitoci. Idan ka yi amfani da makirufo mara waya, hayaniyarka na iya zama sakamakon hayaniyar tasha yayin FM. "FM", saboda duk tsarin siginar mara waya ta analog na amfani da tsarin mitar don watsa siginar sauti. Wani muhimmin sashi na tsarin FM shine tasirin kamawa: mai karɓar mara waya koyaushe zai lalata siginar RF mafi ƙarfi a mitar da aka bayar, gami da sautunan da ba ku so.

Kammalawa

Wannan yana tunatar da mu cewa lokacin siyan ƙwararrun masu watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye, za mu iya amfani da cikakkiyar ƙimar rabon SNR azaman ɗaya daga cikin alamomin lantarki, amma ba a ba da shawarar a matsayin kawai mai nuni ba. Sauran ƙwararrun ma'anoni na lantarki kamar amsawar mitar da murɗawar jituwa yakamata a haɗa su cikin abin tunani. Iyakar Idan baku san yadda ake zaɓar mafi kyawun watsa rediyon FM ba, don Allah tuntuɓi FMUSER, Mu ƙwararrun masana'antun kayan aikin gidan rediyo ne na farko.

FAQ

1. Menene Siginar Hayaniya Ratio a FM?

Don siginar SSB-FM tare da kunkuntar sautin Gaussian a cikin shigarwa (inda shigar da SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO ya fi girma), rabon siginar-zuwa-amo (SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO) a fitowar ingantaccen mai gano FM an ƙaddara. a matsayin aikin ma'aunin daidaitawa.

2. Menene Siginar Ƙarfafa Harutu a cikin RF?

Matsayin farko yana ƙara girman girman siginar sigina mafi girma, ta haka inganta siginar-zuwa-amo...Lokacin da haɓakar haɓakar FM ya fi 1, SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO inganta koyaushe yana zuwa a farashin haɓaka bandwidth. a cikin hanyar karba da watsawa.

3. Menene Siginar Ƙarfafa Harutu a cikin RF?

Sigina zuwa Ratio Noise (SNR) a zahiri ba rabo bane, amma ƙimar decibel (dB) wacce ake amfani da ita don auna bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin sigina da hayaniyar bango. Misali, ƙarfin siginar shine -56dBm, amo shine - 86dBm, kuma siginar-zuwa-amo rabo shine 30dB. Matsakaicin siginar-zuwa-amo kuma muhimmin abu ne da ke buƙatar yin la'akari yayin aikin turawa.

4. Me yasa FM ke da mafi kyawun ƙimar Hayaniyar Sigina?

FM yana rage surutu. Misali, idan aka kwatanta da AM, FM yana samar da mafi kyawun sigina-zuwa amo rabo (SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO)... Tun da siginar FM yana da girma akai-akai, mai karɓar FM yawanci yana da iyakancewa don kawar da ƙarar haɓakar haɓakawa, ta haka ne. kara inganta sigina-zuwa amo.?

5. Me yasa Siginar Ƙarar Hayaniya ke da mahimmanci?

Ayyukan surutu da sigina-zuwa amo sune mabuɗin maɓalli na kowane mai karɓar rediyo... Babu shakka, babban bambanci tsakanin siginar da ƙarar da ba a so, wato, mafi girman siginar-zuwa-amo ko sigina-zuwa-- rabon amo, mafi kyawun aikin azanci na mai karɓar rediyo.