FMUSER RF Power Amplifier Bench Gwajin Wuta don Amplifier Power Amplifier AM (PA) da Gwajin Amplifier Buffer

RF Power Amplifier Board Gwajin | AM Commissioning Magani daga FMUSER

 

RF ikon amplifiers da buffer amplifiers sune mafi mahimmancin sassa na masu watsa AM kuma koyaushe suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon ƙira, bayarwa, da kiyayewa.

 

Waɗannan abubuwan asali na asali suna ba da damar watsa siginar RF daidai. Dangane da matakin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin da mai karɓa ke buƙata don ganowa da ƙaddamar da siginar, duk wani lalacewa zai iya barin masu watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye tare da karkatar da sigina, rage yawan wutar lantarki, da sauransu.

 

 

Don sake gyarawa da kuma kula da mahimman abubuwan watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye, wasu mahimman kayan aikin gwaji suna da mahimmanci. Maganin auna RF na FMUSER yana taimaka muku don tabbatar da ƙirar ku ta aikin auna RF mara misaltuwa.

 

Yadda yake aiki

 

Ana amfani da shi musamman don gwaji lokacin da ba za a iya tabbatar da allon ƙarar wutar lantarki da allon ƙarar mai watsa AM ba bayan gyarawa.

 

 

Features

 

• Wutar wutar lantarki na bencin gwajin shine AC220V, kuma panel ɗin yana da wutar lantarki. An samar da cikin gida -5v, 40v, da 30v ana samar da wutar lantarki mai sauyawa a ciki.
• Akwai musaya na gwajin fitarwa na buffer Q9 akan babban ɓangaren benci na gwajin: J1 da J2, gwajin fitarwar wutar lantarki Q9 musaya: J1 da J2, da alamar ƙarfin ƙarar wutar lantarki (59C23). J1 da J2 an haɗa su zuwa oscilloscope mai haɗaka biyu.
• Gefen hagu na ƙananan ɓangaren benci na gwaji shine wurin gwajin ƙara girman buffer, kuma gefen dama shine gwajin allon ƙararrawa.

 

Umurnai

 

• J1: Gwada wutar lantarki
• S1: Gwajin allo na Amplifier da mai zaɓin gwajin allo mai buffer
• S3/S4: Gwajin allon amplifier wutan kunna siginar hagu da dama ko zaɓin kashewa.

 

RF Power Amplifier: Menene kuma yaya yake aiki?

 

A cikin filin rediyo, RF power amplifier (RF PA), ko mitar rediyo na'urar lantarki ce ta gama gari da ake amfani da ita don haɓakawa da fitar da abun ciki, wanda galibi ana bayyana shi azaman ƙarfin lantarki ko ƙarfi, yayin da aikin ƙara ƙarfin RF shine haɓakawa. abubuwan da ta ke "shanye" zuwa wani matakin kuma "fitar da shi zuwa duniyar waje."

 

Yaya yake Aiki?

 

Yawancin lokaci, ana gina amplifier na RF a cikin mai watsawa ta hanyar allon kewayawa. Tabbas, amplifier na wutar lantarki na RF kuma na iya zama na'ura daban da aka haɗa da fitarwa na ƙaramar fitarwa ta hanyar kebul na coaxial. Saboda ƙarancin sarari, idan kuna sha'awar, maraba Ku bar sharhi kuma zan sabunta shi wata rana nan gaba :).

 

Muhimmancin amplifier na RF shine samun isasshe babban ƙarfin fitarwa na RF. Wannan shi ne saboda, da farko, a cikin da'irar gaba-gaba na mai watsawa, bayan an shigar da siginar sauti daga na'urar tushen sauti ta hanyar layin bayanai, za a canza shi zuwa siginar RF mai rauni sosai ta hanyar daidaitawa, amma waɗannan raunana. sigina bai isa ba don saduwa da manyan watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye. Don haka, waɗannan siginonin da aka daidaita na RF suna tafiya ta cikin jerin haɓakawa (matakin buffer, matsakaicin haɓakawa, matakin ƙara ƙarfi na ƙarshe) ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin RF har sai an ƙara girmansa zuwa isasshen ƙarfi sannan kuma ya wuce ta hanyar sadarwar da ta dace. A ƙarshe, ana iya ciyar da shi zuwa eriya kuma a haskaka shi.

 

Don aikin mai karɓa, na'urar watsawa ko mai karɓa na iya samun canji na ciki ko na waje (T/R). Aikin na'urar T/R shine canza eriya zuwa mai watsawa ko mai karɓa kamar yadda ake buƙata.

 

Menene Tushen Tsarin Amplifier RF?

 

Babban alamun fasaha na amplifiers ikon RF shine ikon fitarwa da inganci. Yadda ake haɓaka ƙarfin fitarwa da inganci shine ginshiƙan ƙirar ƙira na amplifiers ikon RF.

 

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na RF yana da ƙayyadaddun mitar aiki, kuma zaɓin mitar aiki dole ne ya kasance cikin kewayon mitar sa. Don mitar aiki na megahertz 150 (MHz), amplifier na RF a cikin kewayon 145 zuwa 155 MHz zai dace. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na RF tare da kewayon mitar 165 zuwa 175 MHz ba zai iya aiki a 150 MHz ba.

 

Yawancin lokaci, a cikin amplifier na wutar lantarki na RF, za a iya zaɓin mitar asali ko takamaiman jitu ta da'irar resonant na LC don samun haɓakawa marar lalacewa. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan haɗin kai a cikin fitarwa ya kamata su kasance ƙanana kamar yadda zai yiwu don kauce wa tsangwama tare da wasu tashoshi.

 

Da'irar amplifier na RF na iya amfani da transistor ko hadedde da'irori don samar da haɓakawa. A cikin ƙirar amplifier na RF, makasudin shine samun isassun haɓakawa don samar da ikon fitarwa da ake so, yayin ba da izinin rashin daidaituwa na ɗan lokaci da ƙarami tsakanin mai watsawa da mai ciyar da eriya da eriya kanta. Matsakaicin mai ciyarwar eriya da eriya kanta yawanci 50 ohms ne.

 

Mahimmanci, eriya da haɗin layin ciyarwa za su gabatar da ƙaƙƙarfan juriya zalla a mitar aiki.

Me yasa Amplifier RF yake buƙata?

 

A matsayin babban ɓangaren tsarin watsawa, mahimmancin ƙarfin ƙarfin RF yana bayyana kansa. Dukanmu mun san cewa ƙwararren mai watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye yakan haɗa da sassa masu zuwa:

 

1. Harsashi mai ƙarfi: yawanci ana yin shi da gami da aluminum, mafi girman farashin.
2. Allolin shigar da sauti: galibi ana amfani da su don samun shigarwar sigina daga tushen sauti, da haɗa mai watsawa da tushen sauti ta hanyar kebul na odiyo (kamar XLR, 3.45MM, da sauransu). Ana sanya allon shigar da sauti akan bangon baya na mai watsawa kuma yana da nau'i-nau'i na rectangular mai daidaitawa tare da yanayin da ya kai kusan 4:1.
3. Wutar lantarki: Ana amfani da ita don samar da wutar lantarki. Kasashe daban-daban suna da ma'auni daban-daban na samar da wutar lantarki, kamar 110V, 220V, da dai sauransu. A wasu manyan gidajen rediyo, wutar lantarki ta gama gari ita ce tsarin Waya mai lamba 3 Phase 4 (380V/50Hz) bisa ga ma'auni. Har ila yau, ƙasa ce ta masana'antu bisa ga ma'auni, wanda ya bambanta da daidaitattun wutar lantarki.
4. Control panel da modulator: yawanci suna cikin mafi kyawun matsayi a gaban panel na mai watsawa, wanda ya ƙunshi ɓangaren shigarwa da wasu maɓallan ayyuka (ƙulli, maɓallan sarrafawa, allon nuni, da sauransu), galibi ana amfani da su don canza siginar shigar da sauti. cikin siginar RF (rauni sosai).
5. RF power amplifier: yawanci yana nufin allon ƙarawa wutar lantarki, wanda galibi ana amfani dashi don ƙara ƙarfin shigar da siginar RF mai rauni daga sashin daidaitawa. Ya ƙunshi PCB da jerin hadaddun abubuwan etchings (kamar layukan shigarwa na RF, guntuwar ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki, masu tacewa, da sauransu), kuma Ana haɗa shi da tsarin ciyarwar eriya ta hanyar ƙirar fitarwa ta RF.
6. Samar da wutar lantarki da fan: Abubuwan da aka keɓancewa na masana'anta ne suka yi, galibi ana amfani da su don samar da wutar lantarki da watsar da zafi.

 

Daga cikin su, amplifier na RF shine mafi mahimmanci, mafi tsada, kuma mafi sauƙin ƙonewa na mai watsawa, wanda aka ƙayyade ta hanyar yadda yake aiki: fitarwa na RF ikon amplifier yana haɗi zuwa eriya ta waje.

 

Yawancin eriya za a iya saurara ta yadda idan aka haɗa su tare da mai ciyarwa, suna samar da mafi kyawun rashin ƙarfi ga mai watsawa. Ana buƙatar wannan ma'auni na impedance don iyakar wutar lantarki daga mai watsawa zuwa eriya. Eriya suna da halaye daban-daban a cikin kewayon mitar. Muhimmin gwaji shine tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin da aka nuna daga eriya zuwa mai ciyarwa da kuma baya ga mai watsawa ya yi ƙasa sosai. Lokacin da rashin daidaituwa na impedance ya yi girma, ƙarfin RF da aka aika zuwa eriya zai iya komawa zuwa mai watsawa, ƙirƙirar babban rabo mai tsayi (SWR), yana haifar da ikon watsawa ya zauna a cikin amplifier na RF, yana haifar da zafi har ma da lalacewa ga aiki. aka gyara.

 

Idan amplifier zai iya samun kyakkyawan aiki, to, zai iya ba da gudummawar ƙarin, wanda ke nuna "darajarsa", amma idan akwai wasu matsaloli tare da amplifier, to bayan fara aiki ko aiki na wani lokaci, ba kawai zai iya ba. Ya daɗe Ba da kowace “gudumawa”, amma ana iya samun wasu “firgita” da ba zato ba tsammani. Irin wannan “girgiza” bala’i ne ga duniyar waje ko ita kanta amplifier.

 

Buffer amplifier: Menene kuma yaya yake aiki?

 

Ana amfani da amplifiers na buffer a cikin masu watsa AM.

 

Mai watsa AM ɗin ya ƙunshi matakin oscillator, matakin buffer da ninkawa, matakin direba, da matakin modulator, inda babban oscillator ke ba da ƙarfin ƙarar buffer, sai matakin buffer.

 

Matakin da ke kusa da oscillator ana kiransa buffer ko buffer amplifier (wani lokaci ana kiransa kawai buffer) - ana kiransa saboda yana keɓe oscillator daga na'ura mai ƙarfi.

 

A cewar Wikipedia, buffer amplifier shine amplifier wanda ke ba da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki daga wannan da'ira zuwa wani don kare tushen siginar daga kowane halin yanzu (ko ƙarfin lantarki, don buffer na yanzu) wanda kaya zai iya samarwa.

 

A zahiri, a gefen watsawa, ana amfani da amplifier na buffer don ware babban oscillator daga sauran matakan watsawa, ba tare da buffer ba, da zarar amplifier ɗin wutar lantarki ya canza, zai sake yin tunani zuwa oscillator kuma ya sa shi canza mita. kuma idan oscillation Idan mai watsawa ya canza mitar, mai karɓa zai rasa lamba tare da mai aikawa kuma ya karɓi bayanan da bai cika ba.

 

Yaya yake Aiki?

 

Babban oscillator a cikin mai watsawa AM yana samar da mitar mai ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da oscillator crystal don samar da wannan barga mai jujjuyawar juzu'i. Bayan haka, ana ƙara mitar zuwa ƙimar da ake so ta hanyar janareta masu jituwa. Mitar mai ɗaukar kaya yakamata ya kasance karko sosai. Duk wani canji a wannan mitar na iya haifar da tsangwama ga wasu tashoshin watsawa. Sakamakon haka, mai karɓar zai karɓi shirye-shirye daga masu watsawa da yawa.

 

Abubuwan ƙararrawa masu kunnawa waɗanda ke ba da babban abin shigar da ƙara a babban mitar oscillator sune masu haɓakawa. Yana taimakawa hana kowane canji a halin yanzu loading. Saboda girman shigar da shi a mitar aiki na babban oscillator, canje-canje ba sa shafar babban oscillator. Don haka, ƙarar ƙararrawa ta keɓe babban oscillator daga sauran matakan don kada tasirin lodi ya canza mitar babban oscillator.

 

RF Power Amplifier Test Bench: Abin da yake da kuma Yadda yake Aiki

 

Kalmar "bench test" tana amfani da yaren bayanin kayan masarufi a cikin ƙira na dijital don bayyana lambar gwajin da ke ɗaukan DUT da gudanar da gwaje-gwaje.

 

Gwajin Bench

 

Wurin gwaji ko benci na gwaji yanayi ne da ake amfani da shi don tabbatar da daidaito ko tsaftar ƙira ko ƙira.

 

Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga gwajin kayan aikin lantarki, inda injiniya zai zauna a kan benci na lab, ya riƙe awo da kayan aikin magudi kamar oscilloscopes, multimeters, soldering irons, masu yanke waya, da sauransu, da hannu ya tabbatar da ingancin na'urar a ƙarƙashin gwajin. (DUT).

 

A cikin mahallin software ko firmware ko injiniyan kayan masarufi, benci na gwaji yanayi ne wanda ake gwada samfur ɗin da ake haɓakawa tare da taimakon software da kayan aikin hardware. A wasu lokuta, software na iya buƙatar ƙananan gyare-gyare don aiki tare da testbench, amma yin rikodin a hankali yana tabbatar da cewa canje-canje za a iya sauƙaƙe kuma ba a gabatar da kwari ba.

 

Wani ma'anar "gado na gwaji" wani yanki ne keɓe, sarrafawa, kama da yanayin samarwa, amma ba ɓoye ko bayyane ga jama'a, abokan ciniki, da sauransu. Saboda haka yana da hadari don yin canje-canje saboda babu mai amfani da ƙarshen.

 

Na'urar RF ƙarƙashin Gwaji (DUT)

 

Na'urar da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji (DUT) na'urar ce da aka gwada don tantance aiki da ƙwarewa. Hakanan DUT na iya zama ɓangaren babban module ko naúrar da ake kira unit under test (UUT). Bincika DUT don lahani don tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana aiki da kyau. An tsara gwajin ne don hana na'urorin da suka lalace isa kasuwa, wanda kuma zai iya rage farashin masana'anta.

 

Na'urar da ake gwadawa (DUT), wacce kuma aka sani da na'urar da ake gwadawa (EUT) da naúrar da ake gwadawa (UUT), ƙerarriyar samfur ce da ake gwadawa lokacin da aka fara kera ko kuma daga baya a cikin yanayin rayuwarta a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin aiki mai gudana. da calibration. Wannan na iya haɗawa da gwajin gyare-gyare don tantance ko samfurin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun samfur na asali.

 

A cikin gwaje-gwaje na semiconductor, na'urar da ake gwadawa ita ce mutuwa akan wafer ko ɓangaren na ƙarshe. Yin amfani da tsarin haɗin kai, haɗa abubuwan haɗin kai zuwa kayan gwaji na atomatik ko na hannu. Na'urar gwajin sannan tana ba da iko ga bangaren, tana ba da sigina masu kuzari, da aunawa da kimanta fitar da kayan aikin. Ta wannan hanyar, mai gwadawa yana tantance ko takamaiman na'urar da ke ƙarƙashin gwajin ta cika ƙayyadaddun na'urar.

 

Gabaɗaya, RF DUT na iya zama ƙirar kewayawa tare da kowane haɗuwa da adadin analog da abubuwan RF, transistor, resistors, capacitors, da sauransu, waɗanda suka dace da kwaikwaiyo tare da Agilent Circuit envelope Simulator. Ƙarin hadaddun da'irori na RF zasu ɗauki ƙarin lokaci don kwaikwaya da cinye ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

 

Ana iya ɗaukar lokacin kwaikwaiyo na Testbench da buƙatun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya azaman haɗin ma'aunin gwajin benchmark tare da buƙatun mafi sauƙin RF da'irar da buƙatun kwaikwaiyo ambulan da'ira na RF DUT na sha'awa.

 

Ana iya amfani da RF DUT da aka haɗa da benci na gwaji mara waya tare da benci na gwaji don aiwatar da ma'auni na asali ta saita sigogin bencin gwajin. Ana samun saitunan ma'aunin ma'aunin tsoho don RF DUT na yau da kullun:

 

• Ana buƙatar siginar shigarwa (RF) tare da mitar mai ɗaukar radiyo akai-akai. Fitowar benci na gwajin tushen siginar RF baya samar da siginar RF wanda mitar mai ɗaukar RF ya bambanta da lokaci. Koyaya, bencin gwajin zai goyi bayan siginar fitarwa mai ƙunshe da lokacin jigilar RF da gyare-gyaren mitar, wanda za'a iya wakilta ta daidai I da ambulan Q canje-canje a mitar mai ɗaukar hoto na RF akai-akai.
• Ana samar da siginar fitarwa tare da mitar mai ɗauka na RF akai-akai. Dole ne siginar shigar da benci na gwaji ya ƙunshi mitar mai ɗauka wanda mitar ta ta bambanta akan lokaci. Koyaya, benci na gwaji zai goyi bayan siginar shigarwa waɗanda ke ɗauke da hayaniyar lokaci mai ɗaukar RF ko canjin lokaci Doppler mai ɗaukar RF. Ana sa ran waɗannan rikice-rikicen siginar za a wakilta su ta dacen ambulan I da Q a mitar mai ɗaukar hoto na RF akai-akai.
• Ana buƙatar siginar shigarwa daga janareta na sigina tare da juriya na 50-ohm.
• Ana buƙatar siginar shigarwa ba tare da madubi ba.
• Ƙirƙirar siginar fitarwa wanda ke buƙatar resistor lodi na waje na 50 ohms.
• Yana samar da siginar fitarwa ba tare da madubi ba.
• Dogaro kan benci na gwaji don yin kowane ma'aunin siginar bandpass mai alaƙa da siginar fitarwa na RF DUT.

 

Tushen AM na watsawa da yakamata ku sani

 

Mai watsawa da ke fitar da siginar AM ana kiransa AM transmitter. Ana amfani da waɗannan masu watsawa a cikin matsakaicin raƙuman ruwa (MW) da gajeren wave (SW) na watsa shirye-shiryen AM. Ƙungiyar MW tana da mitoci tsakanin 550 kHz da 1650 kHz kuma ƙungiyar SW tana da mitoci daga 3 MHz zuwa 30 MHz.

 

Nau'o'i biyu na masu watsa AM da aka yi amfani da su bisa ikon watsawa sune:

 

1. babban mataki
2. low matakin

 

Masu watsawa masu girma suna yin amfani da babban matakin daidaitawa, kuma ƙananan masu watsa shirye-shiryen suna amfani da ƙananan matakan daidaitawa. Zaɓin tsakanin tsare-tsaren daidaitawa guda biyu ya dogara da ikon watsawa na AM. A cikin masu watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye waɗanda ikon watsawa zai iya kasancewa akan tsari na kilowatts, ana amfani da ƙirar ƙira mai girma. A cikin ƙananan masu watsa wutar lantarki waɗanda kawai ke buƙatar watts kaɗan na ikon watsawa, ana amfani da ƙirar ƙima.

 

Masu watsawa masu girma da ƙananan

 

Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna zane-zane na toshe na manyan masu watsawa da ƙananan matakan. Bambanci na asali tsakanin masu watsawa guda biyu shine ƙara ƙarfin mai ɗauka da sigina masu daidaitawa.

 

Hoto (a) yana nuna zanen toshe na babban mai watsa AM.

 

An zana hoto (a) don watsa sauti. A cikin babban matakin watsawa, ana ƙara ƙarfin mai ɗaukar kaya da sigina masu daidaitawa kafin a yi amfani da su zuwa matakin na'ura, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto (a). A cikin ƙananan matakan daidaitawa, ƙarfin siginar shigarwa guda biyu zuwa mataki na modulator ba a haɓaka ba. Ana samun ikon watsawa da ake buƙata daga mataki na ƙarshe na mai watsawa, ƙarfin ƙarfin Class C.

 

Sassan Hoto (a) sune:

 

1. Oscillator mai ɗaukar hoto
2. Amplifier Buffer
3. Yawan Matsala
4. Power Amplifier
5. Sarkar Audio
6. Moduated Class C Amplifier
7. Oscillator mai ɗaukar hoto

 

Oscillator mai ɗaukar kaya yana haifar da siginar ɗauka a cikin kewayon mitar rediyo. Mitar mai ɗauka koyaushe yana da girma. Tunda yana da wahala a samar da mitoci masu girma tare da ingantaccen mitar kwanciyar hankali, oscillators masu ɗaukar kaya suna haifar da ƙararraki tare da mitar mai ɗauka da ake so. Ana ninka wannan ƙaramin octave ta matakin ninkawa don samun mitar mai ɗaukar kaya da ake so. Har ila yau, ana iya amfani da oscillator crystal a wannan mataki don samar da ƙananan ƙananan mitoci tare da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali. Matakan ninka mitar sannan yana ƙara mitar mai ɗauka zuwa ƙimar da ake so.

 

Buffer Am

 

Manufar buffer amplifier sau biyu ne. Da farko yayi daidai da ƙarfin fitarwa na oscillator mai ɗaukar hoto tare da shigar da ma'aunin mita, mataki na gaba na oscillator mai ɗaukar hoto. Sannan ya keɓance mai ɗaukar hoto oscillator da mitar mai yawa.

 

Wannan wajibi ne don kada mai haɓakawa ya zana manyan igiyoyin ruwa daga oscillator mai ɗauka. Idan wannan ya faru, mitar oscillator mai ɗaukar hoto ba zai tsaya ba.

 

Yawan Matsala

 

Ƙididdigar ƙaramar siginar mai ɗaukar hoto da aka samar da oscillator mai ɗaukar hoto a yanzu ana amfani da shi zuwa mai ninka mitar ta hanyar ƙarar ƙararrawa. Wannan matakin kuma ana kiransa da janareta masu jituwa. Yawan mitar mitar yana samar da jituwa mafi girma na mitar oscillator mai ɗauka. Mai haɓaka mitar mitar da'ira ce da aka gyara wacce ke kunna mitar mai ɗaukar hoto wanda ke buƙatar watsawa.

 

Amp na wutar lantarki

 

Sannan ana ƙara ƙarfin siginar mai ɗauka a matakin ƙara ƙarfi. Wannan shine ainihin buƙatu don babban mai watsawa. Class C amplifiers ikon samar da babban ƙarfin halin yanzu bugun jini na siginar mai ɗauka a abubuwan da suke fitarwa.

Sarkar Audio

 

Ana samun siginar mai jiwuwa da za a watsa daga makirufo kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto (a). Amplifier ɗin direba mai jiwuwa yana ƙara ƙarfin wannan siginar. Wannan haɓakawa ya zama dole don fitar da masu ƙara ƙarfin sauti. Na gaba, na'ura mai ƙarfi na Class A ko Class B yana ƙara ƙarfin siginar sauti.

 

Moduated Class C Amplifier

 

Wannan shine matakin fitarwa na mai watsawa. Ana amfani da siginar mai jiwuwa da aka daidaita da siginar mai ɗauka zuwa wannan matakin daidaitawa bayan haɓakar wutar lantarki. Modulation yana faruwa a wannan matakin. Amplifier Class C kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin siginar AM zuwa ƙarfin watsawa da aka dawo dashi. Wannan siginar daga ƙarshe an wuce zuwa eriya, wanda ke haskaka siginar zuwa sararin watsawa.

 

Hoto (b): Zane-zanen Toshe Ƙarfafan Matsayin AM

 

Mai ƙaramar watsawar AM da aka nuna a cikin Hoto (b) yayi kama da babban mai watsawa sai dai ƙarfin mai ɗauka da siginar sauti ba a ƙarasa ba. Ana amfani da waɗannan sigina guda biyu kai tsaye zuwa ga ingantaccen ƙarfin ƙarfin Class C.

 

Modulation yana faruwa a wannan lokacin, kuma ana ƙara ƙarfin siginar da aka daidaita zuwa matakin da ake so. Eriya mai watsawa sannan tana watsa siginar.

 

Haɗin kai matakin fitarwa da eriya

 

Matsayin fitarwa na madaidaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin ajin C yana ciyar da siginar zuwa eriyar watsawa. Don canja wurin mafi girman iko daga matakin fitarwa zuwa eriya, maƙasudin sassan biyu dole ne su dace. Don wannan, ana buƙatar hanyar sadarwar da ta dace. Wasan da ke tsakanin su biyu ya kamata ya zama cikakke a kowane mitoci. Tunda ana buƙatar daidaitawa a mitoci daban-daban, ana amfani da inductor da capacitors waɗanda ke ba da maɓalli daban-daban a mitoci daban-daban a cikin hanyar sadarwar da ta dace.

 

Dole ne a gina hanyar sadarwar da ta dace ta amfani da waɗannan abubuwan da ba a so. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto (c) a kasa.

 

Hoto (c): Dual Pi matching network

 

Cibiyar sadarwar da ta dace da ake amfani da ita don haɗa matakin fitarwa na watsawa kuma ana kiran eriya ta hanyar sadarwa dual π. Ana nuna hanyar sadarwar a Hoto (c). Ya ƙunshi inductor guda biyu L1 da L2 da capacitors biyu C1 da C2. An zaɓi ƙimar waɗannan abubuwan da aka haɗa domin abin shigar da hanyar sadarwar ya kasance tsakanin 1 da 1'. Ana nuna adadi (c) don dacewa da rashin ƙarfi na fitarwa na matakin fitarwar watsawa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙarfin fitarwa na cibiyar sadarwa yayi daidai da abin da ke cikin eriya.

 

Cibiyar sadarwa mai daidaitawa sau biyu π kuma tana tace abubuwan da ba'a so ba a mitar da ke bayyana a fitowar matakin karshe na mai watsawa. Fitowar na'urar amplifier mai ƙarfi ta Class C na iya ƙunsar mafi girman jituwa mara kyau, kamar na biyu da na uku. An saita martanin mitar hanyar sadarwa mai daidaitawa gaba ɗaya don ƙin waɗannan manyan jigo maras so kuma siginar da ake so kawai yana haɗe da eriya.